Nutritional Principles & Pet Foods - Quiz 1

Question 1

What is a required nutrient?

Answer 1

If it cannot be synthesized in the body in amounts needed for normal performance

Question 2

Functions of water and sources of it

Answer 2

Ion balance, transport of nutrients, elimination of waste, thermoregulation, lubrication of joints

drinking, food, and metabolic reactions

Question 3

Dehydration stages and % of bodyweight loss

Answer 3

1% - hypothalamus secretes antidiuretic hormone into the kidney so that the brain signals the body to crave water

1-5% - diminished cell function, coordination, sight, and hearing

5-10% - cessation of nervous and heart activity into death

Question 4

Energy requirement changes depending on: (4 things)

Answer 4

growth, exercise, pregnancy, and maintenance

Question 5

What are the three essential fatty acids?

Answer 5

arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid

Question 6

Functions of fats

Answer 6

energy and vitamins ADEK storage, cell membrane phospholipids, anti-inflammatory properties of unsaturated fats, and cholesterol hormones

Question 7

Amino acids function to:

Answer 7

transport, build hormones, and contract muscles

Question 8

When determining energy requirements, we will use the unit of:

Answer 8

A kilocalorie per animal per day

Question 9

Gross energy vs digestible energy vs metabolic energy vs net energy

Answer 9

heat that produces a feed when its burned completely

difference between GE and the energy content of the feces

difference between DE and the energy content or urine/gases

difference between ME and energy content of the heat increment (HI)

Question 10

How is the heat increment determined?

Answer 10

Direct calorimetry: individual in thermoneutral conditions that flow AC and heat, change in T is the HI

Indirect calorimetry: similar environmental conditions to Direct but T is not measured, only CO2 and O2

Question 11

Energy requirements for maintenance is determined by:

Answer 11

The basal metabolic rate which is the energy expended in the fasting animal

Question 12

Excess amino acids leads to

Answer 12

Metabolic degradation

Question 13

The first limiting amino acid is

Answer 13

lysine or methionine; need to monitor them as they have competition in the diet

Question 14

Energy foods have high ________

Answer 14

digestibility

Question 15

Fats and oils only provide _____, _____, ______, & _____,

Answer 15

energy, essential aa’s, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, and reduce dust

Question 16

Fats and oils can cause detriments to foodstuffs such as

Answer 16

oxidation (rancidity), excess antioxidants, alteration of body fat composition

Question 17

Protein foods are a source of amino acids to _______ and a source of degradable N to ________

Answer 17

non-ruminants, ruminants

Question 18

What are some good and bad things about protein of animal origin?

Answer 18

better aa profile, higher cost, variable quality depending on environment the animal was raised in, and in limited supply

Question 19

Fiber food facts

Answer 19

high structural CHO, low energy, protein content is variable, is needed in bulk for ruminants, medium to low digestibility

Question 20

mineral and vitamins are _______ if consuming commercial foods

Answer 20

NOT necessary

Question 21

How does processing affect efficiency, palatability, and digestibility?

Answer 21

increases efficiency of handling/utilization

decreases palatability

increases digestibility

Question 22

Why would we choose to process our pet foods?

Answer 22

It increases the surface area for greater bacterial/enzymatic activity and alters molecular structure to enhance digestion and alters the density of the feed or diet

Question 23

Types of processing

Answer 23

extrusion, dehydration, canned, rawhide, frozen/refrigerated, & pressed/formed

Question 24

Anti-nutritional factors: non-starch polysaccharides

Answer 24

increases the viscosity of the digesta and decreases nutrient absorption

use NSPases to solve this

Question 25

Anti-nutritional factors: trypsin inhibitor

Answer 25

decreases protein digestibility

add heat to destroy it

Question 26

Methods for guaranteed analysis:

Answer 26

Weende method - most used for dry matter

Van soest method - for ruminants, forages