Nutrution Flashcards
What is the definition of nutrition?
nutrition is a science that studies nutrients and other substances in foods,
and how they affect the body,
What processes are involved in nutrition?
Ingestion: Taking food into the mouth
Digestion: Breaking down food mechanically and chemically
Absorption: Moving nutrients into the bloodstream
Assimilation: Building food into cells for growth and repair
Elimination: Removing undigested food
Where does absorption primarily occur?
Nutrients are primarily absorbed in the small intestine, the longest part of your digestive tract.
What are the main nutrients found in food?
Carbohydrates: Primary energy source, providing 4 calories per gram.
Proteins: Build and repair tissues, also provide 4 calories per gram.
Fats: Store energy and support cell membranes, yielding 9 calories per gram.
Water: Essential for hydration and many bodily functions.
Vitamins: Aid in various metabolic processes.
Minerals: Regulate body processes and build strong structures
How many calories per gram in carbohydrates ,
4 calories per gram
How many calories per gram in Protein ?
4 calories per gram
How many calories per gram in fat
9 calories per gram
What is a diet
Diet is the food and beverages normally consumed from day to day
Whats base metabolism?
the amount of energy per unit of time that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest
One’s BMR is dependent on:
Gender – higher for men than women because men have a higher proportion of muscle tissue.
Age – as people age they generally gain more fat tissue than muscle tissue. BMR usually declines by 2% every decade after age 30
Growth – children, pregnant women and lactating women have higher BMRs.
Height – tall people have more body surface and lose body heat faster. Their BMR is therefore higher.
Sleep – BMR is lowest when sleeping
Temperature – BMR increases in both hot and cold environments, in order to keep the temperature in the body constant.
Fever and stress – both increase BMR. Fever raises BMR by 7% for each 1 degree fahrenheit above normal. The body reacts to stress by secreting hormones that speed up metabolism so the body can respond quickly and efficiently.
Exercise – can increase BMR for several hours afterward.
Smoking and Caffeine- both cause increase in energy expenditure.
How many calories must be burned to lose 1 pound of fat?
3500 calories
How are foods grouped in the Caribbean?
Food from animals
Legumes
Fats and oils
Staples
Vegetables
Fruits
What does BMR stand for?
Basal Metabolic Rate
What are the energy-yielding nutrients?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Nutrients that can be burned as fuel to provide energy for the body,
What are the functions of energy-yielding nutrients?
m
They provide Nutrients that can be burned as fuel to provide energy for the body
Carbohydrates: 4 kcal per gram
Lipids: 9 kcal per gram
Protein: 4 kcal per gra
What are the macronutrients needed in large supply by the body?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
What are the micronutrients needed in small quantities by the body?
Minerals
Vitamins
What are empty caloric foods?
Foods that are High in calories but low in nutrients
What are the three main processes that happen when you eat? ( carbohydrates)
Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism. (the process by which the body changes food and drink into energy)
What are the two parts of metabolism?
Anabolism – building up substances
Catabolism – breaking down substances
The number of kcalories you need is based on three factors:
your energy needs when your body is at rest and awake (referred to as basal metabolism)
your level of physical activity,
the energy you need to digest and absorb food (referred to as the thermic effect of food
NUTRIENT DENSITY
A measure of the nutrients per kcalorie of food.
Types of diet(characteristics)
1.Adequate
2. Balanced
3. Moderate
4. Varied
ADEQUATE DIET
A diet that provides enough kcalories, essential nutrients, and fiber to keep
a person healthy.
