NVGs Flashcards
(39 cards)
Under Part 61.31 what additional training is required to act as a PIC using goggles?
May only act as a PIC of an aircraft using NVGs if you receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor and obtains a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor.
What must the ground training consist of?
(i) Applicable portions of Part 61 that relate to NVG limitations and flight operations; (ii) Aeromedical factors including protecting night vision, dark adaptation, self-imposed stresses that affect night vision, effects of lighting on night vision, cues used to estimate distance and depth perception at night, and visual illusions; (iii) Normal, abnormal, and emergency operations of night vision goggle equipment; (iv) Night vision goggle performance and scene interpretation; and (v) Night vision goggle operation flight planning, including night terrain interpretation and factors affecting terrain interpretation.
What must the flight training consist of?
(i) Preflight and use of internal and external aircraft lighting systems for night vision goggle operations; (ii) Preflight preparation of night vision goggles for night vision goggle operations; (iii) Proper piloting techniques when using night vision goggles during the takeoff, climb, enroute, descent, and landing phases of flight; and (iv) Normal, abnormal, and emergency flight operations using night vision goggles.
Under Part 61.51 what time may be logged as NVG time?
(k) Logging NGV time.
(1) A person may log night vision goggle time only for the time the person uses night vision goggles as the primary visual reference of the surface and operates:
(i) An aircraft during a night vision goggle operation; or (ii) A flight simulator or flight training device with the lighting system adjusted to represent the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise.
Under Part 61.57 what experience is required to act as a PIC carrying passengers for hire using NVGs?
Act as PIC using NVGs with PAX only if, within 2 calendar months preceding the month of the flight, that person performs and logs the following tasks as sole manipulator of the controls on a flight during a night vision goggle operation–
(i) 3 takeoffs and landings, with each including a climbout, cruise, descent, and approach phase of flight (only required if want to use NVG during TO and Land). (ii) 3 hovering tasks (only required if want to hover w/ goggles). (iii) 3 area departure and area arrival tasks. (iv) 3 tasks of transitioning from aided night flight to unaided night flight and back to aided flight. (v) 3 night vision goggle operations, or when operating helicopters six night vision goggle operations.
61.57 How long do you have to meet the recency of experience using NVGs not to require a NVG proficiency check?
Must be completed within the 4 calendar months preceding the month of the flight.
61.57 how do you regain PIC NVG proficiency?
A person must either meet the NVG experience requirements for the four calendar months preceding the month of flight or pass a NVG proficiency check to act as PIC using NVGs. The check must be performed in the category of aircraft that is appropriate to the night vision goggle operation or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of that category of aircraft.
61.57 what must the proficiency check consist of?
Must consist of the task listed in 61.31. ground and flight training.
Under Part 91.205 what extra equipment must be operational to carry out NVG operations?
For NVG operations, the following instruments and equipment must be installed, functioning, and approved for use by the FAA:
(1) Night vision goggles;
(2) Interior and exterior aircraft lighting system required for night vision goggle operations;
(3) Two-way radio communications system;
(4) Gyroscopic pitch and bank indicator (artificial horizon);
(5) Generator or alternator of adequate capacity for the required instruments and equipment; and
(6) Radar altimeter.
Presbyopia?
Normal aging causing the lens of the eye to harden.
Myopia?
Distant objects are blurry. Nearsightedness.
Hyperopia?
Near objects are blurry. Farsightedness.
Astigmatism?
The unequal curvature of the cornea. Focus on power pole (vertically) and the power line (horizontal) is out of focus.
What factors influence dark adaptation?
1) Starting level.
2) individuality. (different people, different rates and even different degrees of adaptation)
3) Sunlight exposure (2-5 hrs can lead to 5 hrs reduced sensitivity)
4) Cumulative effect of sun exposure (can persist days)
Rod sensitivity?
10,000 times when dark adapted, 100,000 times when eye is fully dilated.
Time to dark adapt?
30-45 minutes
Spatial Disorientation?
Inability to determine position, attitude and motion in relation to the surface of the earth. Occurs when you cannot see, believe, interpret or prove the information derived from flight instruments.
-80 percent of orientation information is visual.
Types of Spatial Disorientation?
Type I- Unrecognized (Most Dangerous)
Type II- Recognized
Type III- Incapacitating (Transfer Controls)
Visual Illusions?
Flicker Vertigo- 4-20 cycles per second
Fixation/ Fascination- Get absorbed by something
False Horizons- Mistake cloud as horizon
Confusion with Ground Lights - Stars for ground
Reversible Perspective- A/C going away when actually approaching.
Altered Planes- Mountains inaccurate sense of altitude
Size/ Distance- Large runway may feel to low.
Height/ Depth- Lack of contrast, cannot judge altitude
Structural- Heat waves
Autokinesis- Stare at lights and they seem to move
Relative motion- Over water/ grass, think your drifting
Otolith Organs?
Small sacs located in the vestibule. Sensory hairs from each macula project into the otolithic membrane. Response to gravity and linear execrations.
Semicircular canals?
Oriented in the pitch, roll and yaw. Filled with fluid and respond to singular accelerations.
Somatogyral Illusions?
Semicircular Canals and Angular Illusions
- Leans- most common- rolling out of a long turn feel you are still turning.
- Graveyard Spin- You enter a spin, system equilibrates, recover from spin and feel you are spinning in opposite direction. Usually return back into original spin.
- Coriolis Illusion- Most dangerous. Stimulation in all three axis leading to tumbling head over heels sensation.
Somatogravic Illusions?
Otolith Organs and Linear Acceleration Illusions
- Oculogravic- Sudden acceleration or deceleration in forward direction. Eyes track up and pilot dives the aircraft.
- Oculoagravic- Downward motion of aircraft such as autorotation. Eyes track up and pilot feels nose is to low.
- Elevator Illusion- Upward acceleration of aircraft such as updraft. Pilots eyes track down and sense nose it too high.
Prevention of Spatial Disorientation?
- Never fly without visual reference.
- Trust your instruments.
- Aviod self imposed stresses.
- Never fly VMC in IMC conditions.
