NWSAM

Question 1

Caudal

Answer 1

Toward the tail

Question 2

Cranial

Answer 2

Toward the head

Question 3

Deep

Answer 3

Toward the core

Question 4

Distal

Answer 4

Used with limbs, further from body/core

Question 5

Dorsal

Answer 5

Toward the back, top, sky

Question 6

Lateral

Answer 6

Toward the side

Question 7

Medial

Answer 7

Toward the midline

Question 8

Proximal

Answer 8

Used with limbs, closer to the body

Question 9

Superficial

Answer 9

Toward the surface

Question 10

Unilateral

Answer 10

Toward one side

Question 11

Ventral

Answer 11

Toward the belly, bottom, ground

Question 12

Dorsal Plane or Frontal Plane

Answer 12

Divides the body into upper and lower sections (parallel to the ground)

Question 13

Transverse or Coronal Plane

Answer 13

Divides the body into fore and hind sections (perpendicular to the ground)

Question 14

Median Plane

Answer 14

Divides the body into equal left and right halves (medius = middle, occurs along the spine)

Question 15

Sagittal Plane

Answer 15

Divides the body into left and right sections also, but can occur anywhere along the body other than the spine (Sagitta = arrow)

Question 16

Superior

Answer 16

Toward the head

Question 17

Inferior

Answer 17

Towards the ground

Question 18

Anterior

Answer 18

Toward the front

Question 19

Posterior

Answer 19

Towards the back

Question 20

Quadruped

Answer 20

Horizontal to the ground

Question 21

Concentric contraction

Answer 21

State of rest to shortened position - raising glass to lips

Question 22

Eccentric Contraction

Answer 22

Shortened muscle returns to lengthened state under control-lowering glass to table

Question 23

Isometric contraction

Answer 23

Muscles contract but do not move bones - carrying a box

Question 24

Isotonic contraction

Answer 24

Muscles contract to produce movement of bones

Question 25

Origin of a muscle

Answer 25

A fixed anchor - point where it attaches to the bone (usually) or another muscle

Question 26

Insertion of a muscle

Answer 26

A moving attachment- opposite end of the muscle - during contraction the insertion moves toward the origin and the origin is proximal to body and insertion is distal

Question 27

muscles that attach to scapula

Answer 27

Rhomboid, trapezius, serratus, longissimus dorsi

Question 28

Endfeel

Answer 28

Natural endpoint of a movement as determined by the structure and relationship of bone and muscle

Question 29

Bony opposition

Answer 29

When a bony structure determines the limit of a movement

Question 30

Soft-tissue opposition

Answer 30

When muscle bellies meet to form a softer endfeel

Question 31

Flexion

Answer 31

Closing the joint, bringing two bones closer together, decreasing joint angle
Sagittal plane

Question 32

Extension

Answer 32

Opening of the joint, moving two bones apart, increasing angle of joint
Sagittal plane

Question 33

Abduction

Answer 33

Movement of limb away from the mid-line of the body (raise arm to side)
Transverse plane

Question 34

Adduction

Answer 34

Takes limb medial or toward the midline of the body, “add” to the body, moving toward or across midline (hand over heart)
Transverse plane

Question 35

Lateral flexion

Answer 35

Not confused with flexion.
Flexion to one side and is specific to axial skeleton, spinal column, and skull

Question 36

Unilateral

Answer 36

Flexing sideways as in turning to scratch itch - muscles on one side contract while same muscles on opposite side are lengthening- movement occurs to one side

Question 37

Rotation

Answer 37

Movement occurs around the circumference of the joint creating a rolling motion. Occurs along the spine and in the limbs.

Question 38

Internal rotation
External rotation

Answer 38

Internal - front (cranial aspect) of limb turns toward mid-line
External - turns away from mid-line

Question 39

Proprioception

Answer 39

Muscle memory. Memory of movement contained in soft tissue that can be deeply affected by massage - altering proprioceptive memory patterns

Question 40

3 Proprioceptive Components

Answer 40

Golgi Tendon Organ GTO
Muscle Spindle Fiber MSF
Connective Tissue Matrix