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Human Development > O'Brien's Stuff > Flashcards

O'Brien's Stuff Flashcards

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1
Q

This is the study of progressive changes in behavior and abilities over the lifespan

A

Developmental psychology

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2
Q

Monozygotic twins are ? Dizygotic are?

A 
Monozygotic = identical
Dizygotic = fraternal
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3
Q

This is the overall pattern of physical development, cross cultural

A

Human growth sequence

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4
Q

This is the sum of all external conditions that affect a person

A

Environment

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5
Q

This is the periods of heightened susceptibility to environmental influences

A

Sensitive period

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6
Q

These are issues affecting the developing fetus and become apparent at birth

A

Congenital problems

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7
Q

This is anything capable of causing a birth defect

A

Teratogens

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8
Q

Name the 6 teratogens.

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Alcohol
  3. Lead
  4. Radiation
  5. Drugs
  6. Diseases
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9
Q

This is found the first 2 weeks after conception; from fertilization to implantation of the embryo

A

Zygote

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10
Q

This is found 2-8 weeks after conception, development of major organ symptoms

A

Embryo

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11
Q

This is from 8 weeks after conception to birth; gains in size, weight and maturation of organ systems

A

Fetus

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12
Q

The Apgar scores range from 0-2, and happen between 1-5 minutes after birth. What features are scored?

A
  1. Appearance
  2. Pulse
  3. Grimace
  4. Activity Level
  5. Respiratory Effort
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13
Q

What are the physical impacts/effects of a deprived environment?

A
  1. Deprivation dwarfism
  2. Failure to thrive syndrome
  3. Physical and intellectual limitations
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14
Q

When performing a babinski sign on a patient, what will the baby’s foot do?

A

toes will fan out

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15
Q

When being held, the infant appears to be doing what?

A

appears to be stepping/walking

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16
Q

How far away is the best distance to cradle a newborn/neonate due to their visual acuity?

A

9-12 inches away

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17
Q

Newborns/Neonates have preferences for what type of patterns? At what time can they track objects?

A
  • complex patterns

- 1 day old

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18
Q

When is hearing activated? What are neonates more responsive to?

A
  • prenatally

- responsive to higher pitched voices (prefer mother’s voice to other females)

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19
Q

What is the most crucial sense in development of a newborn?

A

Touch (there was a lack of touch concern for preemies)

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20
Q

This is the biologically controlled development of the brain, body and nervous system.

A

Maturation

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21
Q

This means develop “head to tail”, pre and post natally

A

Cephalocaudal

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22
Q

This means develop from the center of body to extremities.

A

Proximodistal

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23
Q

This is the minimum level of maturation required before some skills can be learned

A

Readiness

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24
Q

When does an infant hold chin up from laying on stomach position?

A

1 month

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25
When does an infant hold chest up from laying on stomach?
2 mo
26
When does an infant sit with support?
4 mo
27
When does an infant sit up alone?
7 mo
28
When does an infant stand, using furniture?
9 mo
29
When does an infant crawl?
10 mo
30
When does an infant stand alone?
11 mo
31
When does an infant walk alone?
12 mo
32
When does an infant smile socially?
10 mo
33
When is the sensitive period for attachment to a primary caregiver?
First year
34
When is separation anxiety usually occurs?
end of first year to the 2nd year
35
What are the 3 levels of attachment?
1. Secure 2. Insecure-Ambivolent 3. Insecure Avoidant
36
This theory stated children are active participants in learning; they explore their environment.
Piaget's Stage Theory of Cognitive Development
37
This stage of Piaget's is when the child explores his universe; relies on sensory and motor ability; non-verbal; object permanence is established by the end of the period.
Sensorimotor (age 0-2)
38
This stage of Piaget's is when the child is "pre-logical"; use of symbols, words, representations, pictures; locial errors in conversation; egocentric
Pre-operational (2-7)
39
This stage of Piaget's is when the child uses logic; use of symbols; correctly answers conservation
Concrete Operations (7-11)
40
This stage of Piaget's is when the child can deal with abstract thought, hypothesize; not tied to concretes; can handle theoretical subjects (philosophy/physics);
Formal Operations (11-)
41
This is a mental representation, idea/concept
Schema
42
This is constantly adapting to new environmental stimuli.
adaptation
43
This is to force a new stimulus into existing schema.
Assimilation
44
This is to create a new schema for new stimulus.
Accommodation
45
This is the interaction of biology and environment in "coming to know"
Genetic Epistemology
46
In the nature vs. nuture debate, Piaget is an _____.
Interactionist | - he belives we cannot speed up periods of cognitive development
47
Stage 1 of Erikson's Theory of Psycho-Social development is what?
Trust vs. Mistrust | - 0 to 2 years old
48
Stage 2 of Erikson's Theory of Psycho-Social development is what?
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt | - 2 to 4 years old
49
Stage 3 of Erikson's Theory of Psycho-Social development is what?
Initiative vs. Guilt | - 4 to 7 yo
50
Stage 4 of Erikson's Theory of Psycho-Social development is what?
Industry vs. Inferiority | - 7 to 12 yo
51
Stage 5 of Erikson's Theory of Psycho-Social development is what?
Identity vs. Identity confusion | - adolescence
52
Stage 6 of Erikson's Theory of Psycho-Social development is what?
Intimacy vs. Isolation | - Young adult
53
Stage 7 of Erikson's Theory of Psycho-Social development is what?
Generativity vs. Stagnation | - Middle Age
54
Stage 8 of Erikson's Theory of Psycho-Social development is what?
Integrity vs. Despair | - Old Age
55
Phonetic expansion (babbling) occurs when?
4-5 months
56
This is reducing the number of sounds generated
Phonetic contraction
57
One word sentences occur when?
12 months
58
Two word sentences occur when?
By 2 years
59
This is speech that only uses nouns and verbs
Telegraphic speech
60
This is the dictionary definition of words
Denotation
61
This is how words are used in a specific culture/in conversation
Connotation of words
62
This is the meaning in language; what you're trying to convey.
Semantics
63
This is word order, grammar.
Syntax
64
This is the underlying meaning/message.
Deep structure of language
65
This is words in a sentence/surface
Surface structure of language
66
___ language is greater than ___ language.
Receptive language is greater than expressive language

Human Development (2 decks)

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