O Connor Neuro

Question 1

optic atrophy

Answer 1

Multiple Sclerosis
Compression (tumour/aneurysm)
Glaucoma

Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy
Toxic Ambylopia (lead, alcohol)
Nutritional Ambylopia (Vit B12 def)

Question 2

Spastic Paraparesis

Answer 2

Multiple Sclerosis
Tumour causing cord compression
Trauma
Birth injury
MND
Parasagittal Meningioma
Ant. Spinal artery thrombosis

Question 3

Parietal Lobe signs

Answer 3

Agnosis
Apraxia
Dysgraphia
Dyslexia
Dyscalculia

Question 4

Things to assess in hemiplegia/stroke

Answer 4

Concious level
Speech
Motor
Sensory
Visual
Swallow
Sitting balance
Standing

Question 5

Ocular Palsies

Answer 5

III Down and out
IV Adducted eye cannot look down–stairs
VI L or R

Question 6

Ocular Palsy

Answer 6

PCA
Mononeuitis Multiplex
Demyelination
Raised ICP (VI)
Neoplasm
Diabetes
Brainstem vascular lesions
Subacute meningitis

Question 7

Mononeuritis Multiplex

Answer 7

SLE
Wegner’s
Rheumatoid
Sarcoid
Amyloid
Sarcoid
Lyme

Question 8

Subacute Meningitis

Answer 8

Lymphoma
Carcinomatous
Fungal

Question 9

MND

Answer 9

Progressive Muscle Atrophy
Amyotrophic Latertal Sclerosis
Progessive Bulbar Palsy

Question 10

Causes of fasciculation

Answer 10

Cervical Spondylosis
Syringomyelia
Thyrotoxic Myopathy
Charcot-Marie tooth disease

Question 11

Homonymous Hemianopia

Answer 11

Stroke

Tumour

Question 12

Tunnel Vision

Answer 12

Glaucoma
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Chorioretinitis

Question 13

Bitemporal Hemianopia

Answer 13

Pituitary tumour
Craniopharyngioma
Suprasellar Meningioma
Aneurysm

Question 14

Central Scotoma

Answer 14

MS
Ischaemia
Toxins
Nutritional

Question 15

Cerebellar Syndrome

Answer 15

MS
Brain Stem Vascular
Posterior Fossa Lesion
Paraneoplastic syndrome
Alcohol
Cerebellar Degenerative Syndromes assoc with heriditary ataxia
Phenytoin

Question 16

Peripheral Neuropathy

Answer 16

Alcohol
B12
Chronic renal disease
Cancer
Diabetes
Every Vasculitis

Charcot Marie Tooth
Lyme Disease

Question 17

Parkinsons symtoms

Answer 17

TRAP

Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia/Bradykinesia
Postural instability

Question 18

Causes of Parkinsonism

Answer 18

Idiopathic PD
Drug Induced
Post encephalitic
Atherosclerotic
Normal pressure hydrocephalu
Steele-richardson
Shy-drager syndrome
LBD
Alzheimer’s disease

Question 19

Causes of unilateral optic atrophy and papilloedema

Answer 19

Foster Kennedy Syndrome

Tumour pressing on optic nerve causin optic atrophy and raised ICP (often a frontal meningioma)

Question 20

Dystrophia Myotonica

Answer 20

Myopathic face
Temporal muscle wasting
Frontal balding
Cataracts
Delayed hand grip
Cardiomyopathy
Cognitive impairment
Slurred speech
Diabetes mellitus
Testicular atrophy

Question 21

Wasting of Small muscles of the hand (bilateral)

Answer 21

This is common and usually benign

MND
Cervical spondylosis
Tumour C8,T1
Syringomyelia
Increasing age

Question 22

Wasting of Small muscles of the hand (unilateral)

Answer 22

Not normal. This is a red flag.

C8,T1 Root lesion
Cervical rib
Pancoast’s tumour
Trauma to brachial plexus
Combined median, ulnar nerve

Question 23

Papilloedema

Answer 23

Intracranial SOL (tumour, abscess, haematoma)
Accelerated Hypertension
Benign intracranial hypertension

Meningitis
Hyercapnia
Central retinal vein thrombosis
Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Question 24

Nystagmus

Answer 24

Ipsilatral Cerebellar
Contralateral vestibular lesion
Intranuclear opthalmoplegia
Physiological

Question 25

Vestibular Causes of Nystagmus

Answer 25

Meniere’s Disease Acoustic Neuroma Labyrinthitis

Question 26

Symptoms of Horners

Answer 26

Miosis Enophthalmos Ptosis Anhydrosis

Question 27

Causes of Horners

Answer 27

``` Neck surgery Carotid Aneurysm Brain stem vascular Pancoast’s Enlarged cervical LN ```

Question 28

dysarthria

Answer 28

``` Cerebellar Pseudobulbar palsy Bulbar palsy Dystrophica myotonica Myasthenia gravis ```

Question 29

Psuedobulbar palsy

Answer 29

UMN disorder of lower cranial nerves Cerebrovascular disease MS MND Brainstem infiltrative disease

Question 30

Bulbar Palsy

Answer 30

LMN lesion of lower cranial nerves MND Syringobulbia GBS Polio

Question 31

Cervical Myelopathy

Answer 31

UMN in four limbs | Sensory loss in hands

Question 32

Causes of unilateral LMN lesion of CN7

Answer 32

``` Bell’s palsy Ramsay Hunt CP Angle lesion Parotid lesion Mononeurits Multiplex Trauma ```

Question 33

Causes of bilateral LMN lesion of CN7

Answer 33

GBS Sarcoidosis Myastenia Gravis Lyme Disease

Question 34

Choreoathetosis

Answer 34

``` Sydenham’s Chorea Huntington’s Chorea Drug induced Stroke Intracerebral tumours ```

Question 35

Proximal Myopathy

Answer 35

``` Polymyalgia Rheumatica Cushings Thyrotoxicosis Polymyositis Dermatomyositis Carcinomatous Osteomalacia Drugs Renal Failure ``` ``` drugs Steroids Alcohol Amiodarone B blockers ```

Question 36

Causes of Carpal Tunnel

Answer 36

``` Rheumatoid Arthritis Hypothyroidism Acromegaly Pregnancy OCP Amylodosis Idiopathic ```

Question 37

Ulnar nerve palsy

Answer 37

Fracture dslocation of elbow OA elbow Mononeuritis multiplex RSI

Question 38

Radial nerve palsy features

Answer 38

Wrist drop | Saturday Night Palsy

Question 39

Features of common peroneal nerve palsy

Answer 39

Foot drop Cannot stand on heel Head of fibula