O: Metabolic Bone Disease

Question 1

what are the metabolic bone diseases?

Answer 1

osteoporosis, osteomalacia, Paget’s disease

Question 2

what is osteoporosis?

Answer 2

localised dec of bone mass

Question 3

types of osteoporosis?

Answer 3

osteopenia, osteoporosis

Question 4

1y osteoporosis caused by…

Answer 4

idiopathic

Question 5

2y osteoporosis?

Answer 5

endocrine disorders, GI, drugs

Question 6

aetiology for osteoporosis

Answer 6

age, physical activity, genetic, Ca deficiency, hormonal effects, endocrine, coeliac

Question 7

why are middle aged women more at risk of developing osteoporosis?

Answer 7

menopause

Question 8

what are endocrine causes of osteoporosis

Answer 8

Cushing’s, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism

Question 9

why would coeliac’s be a risk factor for osteoporosis

Answer 9

malabsorption of Ca

Question 10

main drug that predisposes to osteoporosis

Answer 10

corticosteroids

Question 11

why do corticosteroids cause osteoporosis

Answer 11

reduce osteoclast activity and reduce Ca absorption= red bone mass

Question 12

how does age cause osteoporosis

Answer 12

reduced proliferation. biosynthetic ability of osteoblasts

Question 13

what is diagnostic of osteoporosis

Answer 13

< -2.5 SD below peak bone mass

Question 14

what is dexa bone scan result for osteopenia dx??

Answer 14

-1 to -2.5

Question 15

lifestyle mx of osteoporosis

Answer 15

strength training- weight bearing exercises

700mg of Ca (1000 for post-menopausal women)

Question 16

Rx mx for osteoporosis?

Answer 16

Ca and VitD supplements, bisphosphonates, teriparatide (PTH), SERMs

Question 17

what are SERMs?

Answer 17

selective oestrogen agonists/ antagonists

Question 18

main osteoporosis complication?

Answer 18

multiple fractures

Question 19

hyperparathyroidism is a risk factor for?

Answer 19

osteoporosis & Brown tumours

Question 20

what are Brown tumours?

Answer 20

haemorrhages causing inflammatory cell activation and can become cystic

Question 21

ix for hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 21

Ca levels, alk phos, PTH

Question 22

what is the name for osteomalacia in kids?

Answer 22

rickets

Question 23

what is osteomalacia?

Answer 23

marked softening of bones

Question 24

aetiology of osteomalacia?

Answer 24

severe VitD deficiency

Question 25

why does dec VitD cause osteomalacia?

Answer 25

abnormal mineralization of bone matrix

Question 26

2 biochemical findings of osteomalacia?

Answer 26

hypocalcaemia and elevated PTH

Question 27

what is Paget’s?

Answer 27

inc bone turnover

Question 28

pathophysiology of Paget’s?

Answer 28

dec osteoclastic activity, inc osteoblastic activity

Question 29

___ year group is at risk of Paget’s

Answer 29

late adulthood

Question 30

two types of Paget’s disease?

Answer 30

monostotic or polystotic

Question 31

what bones are more at risk of Paget’s?

Answer 31

long bones, pelvis, lumbar spine, skull

Question 32

T/F: Paget’s occurs in multiple sites

Answer 32

F: sticks to one bone

Question 33

aetiology of Paget’s- be specific?

Answer 33

genetic (SQSTMI/ p62) and viral (measles)

Question 34

what are s/s of Paget’s?

Answer 34

pain if nerve compression or fracture, deafness

Question 35

what are imaging findings of Paget’s?

Answer 35

abnormal shape and inc metabolism of bone

Question 36

main biochemistry finding of Paget’s?

Answer 36

inc alk phos

Question 37

necrosis of bone and bone marrow is called…

Answer 37

avascular necrosis

Question 38

aetiology and pathophysiology of avascular necrosis?

Answer 38

fractures which cause loss of vascular supply to bone