O2 Orofacial Dev. Flashcards
Pierre Robin Sequence
______/_____gnathia - mandibe is very short
___________ - tongue falls back in airway
U-shaped cleft
baby needs to sleep on stomach w/nothing in crib. may suture tongue forward. tracheotomy last resort.
Pierre Robin Sequence
micro/retrognathia - mandibe is very short
glossoptosis - tongue falls back in airway
U-shaped cleft
baby needs to sleep on stomach w/nothing in crib. may suture tongue forward. tracheotomy last resort.
_________ - cells migrate into space and structure grows until complete, ex: tongue. starts as bump, gets bigger
________ - anterior to posterior, begins @ incisive foramen. process of palatal dev. ⇒structures approach⇒
contact⇒
__________ ___________ (tissue degeneration, cell walls disintegrate, tissue fuses) ⇒
fusion complete.
timing is very important.
merging - cells migrate into space and structure grows until complete, ex: tongue. starts as bump, gets bigger
fusion - anterior to posterior, begins @incisive foramen. process of palatal dev. ⇒structures approach⇒
contact⇒
epitheleal regression (tissue degeneration, cell walls disintegrate, tissue fuses) ⇒
fusion complete
all vertebrae have _________ arches (see slide).
5 pairs in human embryo (only 4 with names). ~27th/28th day.
Think about facial organization, top to bottom. from lens►
maxillary process►
1) _________ arch⇒
2) __________ cleft (hyoid bone)⇒
3) ______ arch⇒
4) __________ arch
5) can’t be seen, no name
all vertebrae have branchial arches (see slide).
5 pairs in human embryo (only 4 with names). ~27th/28th day.
Think about facial organization, top to bottom. from lens►
maxillary process►
1) mandibular arch⇒
2) hyomandibular cleft (hyoid bone)⇒
3) hyoid arch⇒
4) thryohyoid arch
5) can’t be seen, no name
______ develop low and lying on backs, then rotate up. if low, sign of _________. ► look for cognition, coordination, neuro. dev, reflexes, balance.
______ develops in 1/3’s. look for _________. vertical clefting is possible
palatal shelves grow _________ through merging, swing up __________, and then fuse.
central clefts are not possible, only right and left.
@ ~6wks, four way fusion between, ______ ______ (NS), two ________ ________ (PS’s), and ________ _______ (AR)
~3 day window for fusion, then closed forever. palate formed by _-12wks (1st trimester)
ears develop low and lying on backs, then rotate up. if low, sign of syndrome. ► look for cognition, coordination, neuro. dev, reflexes, balance.
face develops in 1/3’s. look for symmetry. vertical clefting is possible
palatal shelves grow vertically through merging, swing up horizontally, and then fuse.
central clefts are not possible, only right and left
@ ~6wks, four way fusion between, nasal spine (NS), two palatal shelves (PS’s), and alveolar ridge (AR)
~3 day window for fusion, then closed forever.palate formed by 9-12wks (1st trimester)
CNS matures in early 20’s for females, late 20’s for males (4-8yrs later)
_________ contains 4 incisors and ________ foramen. if does not fuse, goes up into _____
most common cleft is a ______ ___lateral
biggest effect of CP is hypernasality and impounding oral pressure. nasal regurgitation
primary palate aka hard palate
secondary palate aka soft palate
CNS matures in early 20’s for females, late 20’s for males (4-8yrs later)
premaxilla contains 4 incisors and incisive foramen. if does not fuse, goes up into nose.
most common cleft is a left unilateral
biggest effect of CP is hypernasality and impounding oral pressure. nasal regurgitation
primary palate aka hard palate
secondary palate aka soft palate
look for notching in cleft
________ - palatal vault comes to a point, symptom of _________ cleft. look for an area called _____ ________. a “zone of light” at the point of tenting that looks blue (thin epithelium)
______ uvula is a microform of clefting. no functional effect as well as notch in alveolar ridge, or lip
look for notching in cleft
tenting - palatal vault comes to a point, symptom of submucus cleft. look for an area called zona pelucida. a “zone of light” at the point of tenting that looks blue (thin epithelium)
bifid uvula is a microform of clefting. no functional effect as well as notch in alveolar ridge, or lip
malocclusion refers to ______ relationships. 1st top molar needs to be 1/2 tooth behind the bottom 1st molar. measured in mm
leads to broken teeth, abnormal wear.
_______ refers to extent of overlap of maxillary central incisors to mandibular central incisors.
“class 2 mal w/overjet) “
class 1 - ________ teeth, molars ok
class 2 - ________ (molars)
class 3 - _________
artic errors, lisps (interdental and lateral)
__________ - when dental arch collapses to the inside. suppposed to be wider than bottom on both sides
______ bite - gap between any of teeth. can be anterior or posterior
malocclusion refers to molar relationships. 1st top molar needs to be 1/2 tooth behind the bottom 1st molar. measured in mm
leads to broken teeth, abnormal wear.
overjet refers to extent of overlap of maxillary central incisors to mandibular central incisors.
“class 2 mal w/overjet) “
class 1 - crooked teeth, molars ok
class 2 - overbite (top molar ahead)
class 3 - underbite (bottom molar too far ahead)
artic errors, lisps (interdental and lateral)
crossbite - when dental arch collapses to the inside. supposed to be wider than bottom on both sides
open bite - gap between any of teeth. can be anterior or posterior
Deciduous/immature Dentition
_______ incisor→______ incisor→_______→1st molar→2nd molar
maxillary - start @ upper right posterior, A⇒J, then drop straight down
mandibular - K⇒T, begins at lower left
Deciduous/immature Dentition
Immature: central incisor→lateral incisor→cuspid→1st molar→2nd molar
maxillary - start @ upper right posterior, A⇒J, then drop straight down
mandibular - K⇒T, begins at lower left
Adult/Mature Dentition
_______ incisor→ _______ incisor→ _______→ ________→ bicuspid→ 1st molar→ 2nd molar→3rd molar (wisdom)
32 total
Adult/Mature Dentition
central incisor→ lateral incisor→ cuspid→ bicuspid→ bicuspid→ 1st molar→ 2nd molar→3rd molar (wisdom)
32 total
Tooth surfaces
_______ - toward tongue
_______ - toward cheek
________ - toward lip
________ - toward midline
________ - away form midline
Tooth surfaces
lingual - toward tongue
buccal - toward cheek
labial - toward lip
mesial - toward midline
distal - away form midline
velar elevation - ________, tensor, musculus uvulae, _________ constrictor
velar ________ - p.glossus and p.pharyngeus
EU Tube opening - _______
palato________ - muscle of anterior faucial pillar
palato_________ - posterior pillar
velar elevation - levator, tensor, musculus uvulae, superior constrictor
velar descent - p.glossus and p.pharyngeus
EU Tube opening - tensor
palatoglossus - muscle of anterior faucial pillar
palatopharyngeus - posterior pillar
Planes of closure
_______ - velum lifts up against posterior pharyngeal wall.
________ - velum doesn’t move, lateral pharyngeal walls close (superior pharyngeal constrictor squeezes. ie; walls of throat do the closing).
________ - velum, lat. pharyngeal wall both do closing
________ w/_________ _______ - velum, lat. pharyngeal wall, and weird muscle in posterior pharyngeal wall all do the closing
Planes of closure
coronal - velum lifts up against posterior pharyngeal wall
sagittal - velum doesn’t move, lateral pharyngeal walls close (superior pharyngeal constrictor squeezes. ie; walls of throat do the closing)
circular - velum, lat. pharyngeal wall both do closing
circular w/passavant’s ridge - velum, lat. pharyngeal wall, and weird muscle in posterior pharyngeal wall all do the closing
CP greatest effect is on ________ and _________
________ is required
CP greatest effect is on speech and resonance
surgery is required
