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DnD-Skin/Con/Misc > OA/RA/AD > Flashcards

OA/RA/AD Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

The breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.
AKA. wear and tear arthritis

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2
Q

OA is seen with ___

A
  • Increasing age
  • On one side or a single joint (but can be bilateral)
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3
Q

OA Signs & Symptoms

A
  • Pain
  • Joint stiffness
  • loss of movement
  • crepitus (crackling noise)
  • Heberden’s nodules
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4
Q

OA Causes?

A
  • Joint injury (mechanical stress)
  • Abnormal limb development
  • Hereditary factors
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5
Q

OA Risk Factors

A
  • Overweight
  • Repetitive Tasks
  • legs of different length
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6
Q

OA secondary factors

A
  • Alkaptonuria
  • Congenital Joint Disorders
  • Diabetes
  • Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
  • Marfan’s Syndrome
  • Hemochromatosis and Wilson’s disease
  • Chronic inflammatory disease
  • Joint infection
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7
Q

(OA) The articular cartilage is mainly composed of __?

A

Collagen, proteoglycans, and water

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8
Q

(OA)
In the cartilage the collagen matrix __?

Increased compressive force causes__
Decreased proteoglycan causes__
Reduced osmotic pressure causes __?

A

Is a balance of forces.

Decrease in proteoglycan
Reduced osmotic pressure and water content
Additional stress on collagen fiber (breakdown)

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9
Q

(OA)
The breakdown of collagen fiber __?
The collagen breakdown __?
Inflammation injures cartilage by__?

A

Weakens the cartilage.
initiate an inflammatory process in articular cartilage
Releasing proteolytic enzymes like metalloproteases

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10
Q

(OA)
Effects of Inflammation

A
  • Ligaments and joint capsules may become fibrotic and thicken
  • meniscus is worn away
  • bone outgrowth, spurs form at the margin of the head of bone
  • Bony growth
  • Joint may disarticulate
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11
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

A chronic autoimmune disorder that presents as an inflammatory disorder

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11
Q

RA is seen__

A
  • In the joints but may affect other tissues
  • inflammation on both sides of the body
  • primarily synovial joints
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12
Q

RA possible causes?

A
  • May be Genetic
  • environmental factor
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13
Q

(RA) Genetic Markers

A
  • HLA-DR4
  • HLA-DRBD1
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14
Q

(RA) Common components

A
  • C-reactive Protein (CRP)
  • Anticitrulline Antibody
  • Rheumatoid factor (RF)
  • Antinuclear Antibody
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15
Q

(RA) C-reactive Protein

A
  • an acute phase reactant
  • increases during inflammation in response to IL-6
  • Binds to phosphocholine in the bacterial membrane and activates the complement system (phagocytosis)
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16
Q

(RA)
High CRP __?
CRP__?

A

are associated with RA
Influences Osteoclast activity

17
Q

(RA)
Increased levels of CRP are associated with?

A
  • CVD
  • Metabolic syndrome
  • Diabetes
  • Interstitial Lung Disease
18
Q

(RA)
Anticitrullinated Antibodies

A

Autoantibodies that target citrullinated peptides and proteins

A useful diagnostic tool

19
Q

(RA)
Citrullinated Proteins

A
  • May appear in their altered state
  • Serves as antigens
  • May initiate the production of antibodies when detected
20
Q

Rheumatoid Factor

A
  • Autoantibody found in RA
  • is also a marker for RA
  • directed against Fc portion of IgG antibody
21
Q

RA may cause …?

A
  • CVD
  • Osteoporosis
  • Interstitial Lung disease
22
Q

RA starts as…?
The synovial ___?
Joint damage __?

A

Persistent cellular event
is the primary target
Loss of function

23
Q

(RA)
3 Phases:
Initiation: __
Amplication: __
Chronic Inflammation: __

A

1) Non-specific Inflammation
2) T-lymphocyte Activation
3) Tissue is Injured

24
Q

(RA)
Synovial Membranes are inflamed __
Mass on the synovial space, __
Synovial cells activated __

A

and infiltrated with inflammatory cells ( lympho, PMN, Plasma)
is called Pannus
which release enzymes to break down tissue, collagen and cartilage.

25
Q

(RA) Tissue Injury
Progression leads to__
Persistent inflammation leads to__
May extend to__

A

cartilage loss and bone damage.
Joint and tendon destruction.
Bursae.

26
Q

Rheumatoid nodules

A
  • formed around a fibrinoid center
  • the center is surrounded by a palisade (macrophage, fibroblasts)
27
Q

Tisses/ Organs affected by RA

A
  • Skin
  • Lungs
  • heart and blood vessels
  • Blood
  • Bone
28
Q

(RA) Skin

A
  • Subq rheumatoid nodules
  • Vasculitis
29
Q

(RA) Lungs

A
  • Lung Fibrosis
  • Caplan’s syndrome (coal dust)
30
Q

(RA) Heart and Blood Vessels

A
  • Risk of atherosclerosis
  • Risk of heart attack + stroke
  • others
31
Q

(RA) Blood

A
  • Anemia
  • Normal RBC
  • Low WBC
  • Increase in Platelet
32
Q

Atopic Dermatitis

A

-Eczema
- Inflammation of the skin

33
Q

AD Symptoms

A
  • itchy
  • red
  • swollen
  • crack and dry
34
Q

AD Lesions

A
  • Epidermal intercellular edema
  • Dermal inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes
  • Hypogranulation of mast cells
  • Endothelial cell hypertrophy
  • Basement membrane thickening of venules
  • Increase of Langerhans cells
35
Q

(AD) Possible Causes

A
  • Genetics
  • Immune system dysfunction
  • Environment (+ S. Aureus)
  • Altered Skin permeability
35
Q

(AD)
S. aureus colonization leads__

A

to impairment of the barrier function and mutations in filaggrin

36
Q

(AD)
Inherited mutation in __ has been associated with AD

A

Card11 gene

37
Q

AD is driven by __

Resembles __ and __

A

Hypersensitivity

Type 1 and Type 4 hypersensitivity

38
Q

IgE

A
  • is driven when you’re first exposed to the antigen
  • they bind together causing degranulation

DnD-Skin/Con/Misc (5 decks)

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