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D481 > OA Test Review > Flashcards

OA Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

OSI Application Layer Function

A

interacts with end users

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2
Q

OSI Presentation Layer Function

A

formats the data so it can be viewed by the user

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3
Q

OSI Session Layer Function

A

establishes and ends connections between 2 hosts

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4
Q

OSI Transport Layer Function

A

breaks data into packets and transmits them over networks. Flow control and error checking

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5
Q

OSI Network Layer Function

A

reads the IP address from the packet

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6
Q

OSI Data Link Layer Function

A

transmits info on computers connected to the same LAN. Reads the MAC address on the packet

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7
Q

OSI Physical Layer Function

A

translates binary into the language of the transport medium

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8
Q

TCPIP Application layer function

A

interacts with apps that need to gain access to network services

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9
Q

TCPIP host to host/transport layer function

A

segments data and validates it hasn’t been corrupted

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10
Q

TCPIP network/internet layer function

A

routing of packets as they move around the network

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11
Q

TCPIP physical layer function

A

protocols interface with medium

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12
Q

Layer Devices
7. application
6. presentation
5. session
4. transport
3. network
2.data link
1. physical

A
  1. gateway, firewall, endpoint device
  2. gateway, firewall, server, PC
  3. gateway, firewall, server, PC
  4. gateway, firewall
  5. router, brouter, layer 3 switch
  6. bridge modem, network card, layer 2 switch
  7. hub, repeater, cable, fiber, wireless
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13
Q

TCPIP Layer Protocols
4. application
3. host to host/transport
2. network/internet
1. physical

A
  1. telnet, smtp, ftp, http
  2. TCP, UDP
  3. IP, ICMP, ARP, DHCP
  4. ethernet, PPP, ADSL
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14
Q

TCPIP Application Layer Function

A

interacts with apps that need to gain access to network services

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15
Q

TCPIP Host to Host/transport Layer Function

A

segments data and validates it hasn’t been corrupted

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16
Q

TCPIP Network or internet layer function

A

routing of packets as they move around the network

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17
Q

Physical or Network access layer function

A

high layer protocols interface with transport mediums

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18
Q

Attenuation

A

signal loss on transmission media

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19
Q

hub

A

hardware device with ports for multiple connections that echoes every message it receives to ALL connected ports

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20
Q

switch

A

device with multiple ports but examines the message and knows which port it should forward the message to. allows multiple devices to communicate

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21
Q

host based network

A

central computer/main frame with many users that connect directly to it using terminals such as keyboard and monitor

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22
Q

client server internetworking

A

central server handles data and local client software on client devices that requests services from server

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23
Q

peer to peer internetworking

A

use of an enterprise network for peers to exchange messages without depending on a central server to manage connections and messages

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24
Q

bridge

A

device needed for internetworking at the data link layer. listens to received traffic and remembers ports on which the traffic arrived from each MAC address. interconnects 2 or more LANs

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25
Q

router

A

forward IP packets based on where that IP network is physically located and the physical port or interface that connects to it

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26
Q

NIC network interface controller

A

allows device to connect and communicate on the network

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27
Q

prevention broadcast stormed caused by loops

A

uses RSTP or MSTP to stop packets from traveling in a circle and never reaching a destination

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28
Q

VLAN

A

used in flat topology where there is no hierarchy to the network structure.

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29
Q

circuit switched

A

a network that creates a path between a source and destination device

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30
Q

extranet

A

private network that allows authorized external users to securely share info

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31
Q

internet protocol IP

A

part of TCPIP that makes it possible to deliver packets across complicated networks by handling routing decisions

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32
Q

internetworking

A

the process of connecting multiple computer networks

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33
Q

intranet

A

private internal network

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34
Q

logical topology

A

shows how the devices in a network connect to a specific segment of the network

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35
Q

OSI Reference Model

A

internationally accepted framework of standards that governs how separate computer systems communicate using networks

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36
Q

packet switched

A

networks that transmit packets as individual messages

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37
Q

physical topology

A

physical network devices and any physical devices used to connect to the network

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38
Q

point to point network

A

network that consists only of computers and devices that are connected directly

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39
Q

TCP

A

part of the TCPIP that guarantees a reliable stream of data between two computers

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40
Q

TCPIP Reference Model

A

descriptive framework for computer network protocols created by DoD in the 70s

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41
Q

TCPIP Suite

A

a collection that provides support to nearly all internet capable operation systems and devices

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42
Q

TCPIP Data Link sublayer- logical link layer LLC

A

top layer that talks directly to the network layer and provides error control

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43
Q

TCPIP Data link sublayer- media access control layer

A

talks to the physical layer and defines how frames are placed on the wire

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44
Q

well known ports

A

0-1023

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45
Q

registered ports

A

1024-49151

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46
Q

dynamic ports

A

49151-65535

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47
Q

3 way handshake

A

syn (synchronize), syn/ack, ack (acknowledge)

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48
Q

bit

A

binary digit

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49
Q

nibble

A

collection of 4 bits (half a byte or half an octet)

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50
Q

byte

A

number of bits a system has used to encode one text character. 8 bits.

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51
Q

IPv4 IP address length

A

32 bits= 4 bytes= 4 octets

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52
Q

IPv6 IP address length

A

8 groups of 4 hexdigits, each group of 4 hexdigits= 16 bits, so 128 bits

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53
Q

IPv6 IP address set up

A

first 48 bits=network
next 16 bits=subnet ID
last 64 bits= client ID

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54
Q

T568A wire

A

starts with green, residential

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55
Q

T568B wire

A

starts with orange, commercial

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56
Q

Class A address Subnet Mast

A

255.0.0.0

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57
Q

Class B address subnet mask

A

255.255.0.0

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58
Q

class c address subnet mask

A

255.255.255.0

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59
Q

reliability

A

availability and integrity of the data transmission

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60
Q

uptime

A

whether there is a physical link access to the communication line

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61
Q

integrity

A

whether the data made it to the destination intact and accurate

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62
Q

6 components of a structured wiring system

A
  1. building cabling entrance
  2. data center/equipment room
  3. backbone cabling
  4. telecom room/wiring closet
  5. horizontal cabling
  6. workstation/office location
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63
Q

attenuation

A

measure amount of signal loss at the other end

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64
Q

crosstalk

A

where a signal on one pair of twisted cables interferes with another pair

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65
Q

propagation delay

A

amount of time it takes for signal to reach the end of the cable

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66
Q

return loss

A

measures signal reflections that are caused by an impedance mismatch from end to end

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67
Q

802.3

A

ethernet standards

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68
Q

CSMA/CD carrier sense

A

NIC cards listen on the physical media for specific voltage levels or carrier signals. if coast is clear, NIC can transmit

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69
Q

CSMA/CD multiple access

A

NIC cards can transmit simultaneously. when this happens, a collision is noticed by the NIC card transceivers

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70
Q

CSMA/CD collision detection

A

NIC cards react to signal collisions by retransmitting after receiving a notification that a collision occurred

71
Q

Multilayer hierarchal backbone

A

each departmental LAN connects to a common chassis based high speed backbone. traffic bound for other departments and workgroups, must be sent to the department’s router

72
Q

flat backbone

A

each departmental LAN connects to a common chassis based high speed backbone. traffic bound for departmental LANs is layer 2 switched via VLANs and ethernet tagging to direct traffic between departmental LAN locations

73
Q

collapsed backbone

A

aka backbone in a box or inverted backbone.

74
Q

data link layer- aka

A

protocol layer

75
Q

ethernet

A

wired system for connecting devices in a LAN, MAN, and WAN

76
Q

protocol

A

established set of rules to determine how data can be transmitted across devices

77
Q

redundancy

A

process of providing alternate means for a network to continue functioning

78
Q

repeater

A

device that receives and amplifies a signal

79
Q

resilience

A

ability to continue providing acceptable service despite operations challenges

80
Q

protocols operating at network layer/layer 3

A

IP, ICMP, IPSec, appletalk

81
Q

protocols operating at transport layer/layer 4

A

TCP and UDP

82
Q

tranport layer/layer 4 services provided

A

flow control
fragmentation and reassembly
error control
acknowledgement of delivery

83
Q

addressing

A

identifies source and destination host

84
Q

IPv6 provides the following services

A

version
traffic class
flow label
addressing

85
Q

how application layer refers to data

A

APDU: application protocol data unit

86
Q

how presentation layer refers to data

A

PPDU: presentation protocol data unit

87
Q

how session layer refers to data

A

SPDU: session protocol data unit

88
Q

how transport layer refers to data

A

segment or datagram

89
Q

how network layer refers to data

A

packet

90
Q

how data link layer refers to data

A

frame

91
Q

how physical layer refers to data

A

bits

92
Q

MAC address

A

hardware address on TCPIP host that never changes

93
Q

MAC address length

A

48 bits

94
Q

MAC address set up

A

first half is OUI
second half is vendor assigned

95
Q

IPv4 loopback address

A

127.0.0.1

96
Q

SLAAC

A

stateless address autoconfig
autogenerates a link local address
loopback address starts with ::1

97
Q

unicast network methodology

A

sending a packet to a single destination

98
Q

anycast network methodology

A

sending a packet to the nearest node in a specified group of nodes

99
Q

multicast network methodology

A

sending a packet to multiple destination

100
Q

types of connectionless communication

A

UDP, ICMP, DNS, TFTP, SNMP

101
Q

connection oriented protocol

A

sets up a connection between the source and destination

102
Q

connectionless protocol

A

treats each connection individually

103
Q

datagram

A

packets that are transmitted across networks

104
Q

IANA

A

oversees all allocations of IP addresses

105
Q

NAT

A

maps local private addresses to public ones

106
Q

full duplex mode of communication

A

both ends of communication communicate simultaneously

107
Q

half duplex mode of communication

A

both ends can communicate but 1 at a time

108
Q

simplex mode of communication

A

source only sends data to a destination and destination cannot respond

109
Q

common layer 5 (session layer) protocols

A

H.254
L2TP
NetBIOS
RPC
SMB
SOCKS

110
Q

common layer 6 (presentation layer) protocols

A

IMAP
SSH
SSL
TSL

111
Q

common file formats for layer 6/presentation

A

JPEG, GIF, TIFF, MPEG, MIDI

112
Q

application layer software steps

A
  1. accepts some messages as input from application software and adds any additional data such as address of target computer
  2. calls other software from the next lower layer and sends a new messages (original + new data)
  3. may chop the message into smaller chunks before sending each chunk to the next layer
  4. then may wait for a reply
113
Q

common protocols at layer 7/application

A

DHCP
HTTP
FTP
RTP
SIP
telnet
SMTP
SNMP

114
Q

FTP port

A

20/21

115
Q

SSH and SFTP port

A

22

116
Q

telnet port

A

23

117
Q

smtp port

A

25

118
Q

DNS port

A

53

119
Q

DHCP port

A

67/68

120
Q

http port

A

80

121
Q

HTTPS port

A

443

122
Q

host based application

A

everything runs off the central host with dumb terminal devices

123
Q

client based application

A

data storage function stayed on central server but everything else on client BAD IDEA

124
Q

client server application

A

computing split the data and processing tasks into 2 main partitions- server handles data while clients handle the processing

125
Q

cloud computing/n-tier application

A

appserver is a program that runs on a central server that handles processing logic. appserver is colocated with database server. once it finished processing, it only sends results over the network to the client

126
Q

peer to peer applications

A

peers share data and processing with each other.

127
Q

malware examples

A

trojan horse
spyware
virus
worm
ransomware
DoS attack
DDoS
botnets

128
Q

arpanet

A

a computer network developed by the DoD to support academic research

129
Q

layer 2 tunneling protocol

A

protocol that supports VPNs

130
Q

web browser

A

protocol to allow all resources to be linked together

131
Q

class A private IP addresses

A

10.0.0.0- 10.255.255.255

132
Q

class b private IP address

A

172.16.0.0- 172.31.255.255

133
Q

class c private IP address

A

192.168.0.0- 192.168.255.255

134
Q

internetwork with a gateway

A

connects networks that use different protocols by translating packets to protocol compatible with destination

135
Q

lowest cost of connectivity

A

high port density

136
Q

first packet switched network

A

arpanet

137
Q

broadcast MAC address

A

ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

138
Q

patch panel

A

keeps a large number of cables organized. connect patch cable from workstation to panel to layer 2/layer 3 switch

139
Q

ICMP

A

core protocol on IP suite. provides easy method to send short messages. most commonly used for error messages

140
Q

UDP

A

best effort, but no guarantee. treats each packet individually

141
Q

IDS

A

intrusion detection system. passive, only alerts

142
Q

IPS

A

intrusion prevention system. takes action to decide whether to accept or reject packets based on rules

143
Q

vampire tap

A

bites into thicknet to connect individual machines to ethernet

144
Q

media converter

A

allows you to integrate new equipment into existing cabling infrastructure

145
Q

most common topology in early ethernet

A

bus

146
Q

real time apps benefit from _______

A

layer 2 switch

147
Q

router runs on which layer

A

network layer

148
Q

which class has the fewest nodes in each network

A

class c

149
Q

/24 subnet mask is how many bits

A

8 bits

150
Q

NDP: IPv6 as ____: IPv4

A

ARP

151
Q

technical safeguards

A

VLAN segmentation, workstation hardening, redundant network connections

152
Q

network with lowest TCO

A

IP based

153
Q

basic topology for FDDI

A

ring

154
Q

what devices supplies PoE

A

layer 3 switch

155
Q

access control list

A

rules governing stateless firewalls to control flow of traffic

156
Q

what layer does IPSec work

A

layer 3

157
Q

port listening on a server set up to automatically assign IP addresses

A

UDP 67

158
Q

usability

A

ability of different parts of network to work together

159
Q

insecure ports

A

20, 21, 23, 80

160
Q

ethernet collision domain

A

special area created by each port on full duplex layer 2 switch

161
Q

flood guard

A

security feature on some switches that blocks some unwanted broadcast messages

162
Q

number of individual usable VLANs allowed by VLAN field

A

4094

163
Q

convergence

A

all routers are synchronized

164
Q

IEEE standards for token ring

A

802.5

165
Q

Cut through switching

A

Forwards as soon as it reads the destination address

166
Q

aggregation of edge networks is a

A

collapsed backbone

167
Q

edge network

A

desktop workstation LAN connection

168
Q

architecture in which all processing functions are on the client

A

P2P

169
Q

kerberos port

A

88

170
Q

BGP port

A

179

171
Q

SaaS

A

software applications hosted by vendor. often used through web browser

172
Q

PaaS

A

cloud provides an environment for client to build and use their own software

173
Q

IaaS

A

cloud provides network access to traditional computing resources such as processing power and storage.

D481 (2 decks)

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