OB CH: 3 & 4

Question 1

Describe vulva

Answer 1

protects urethral & vaginal openings

Question 2

Mons pubis

Answer 2

elevated, round fleshy prominence over the symphysis pubis.

protects the symphysis pubis during sexual intercourse.

Question 3

Labia

Answer 3

function is to protect the vaginal opening.

Question 4

Labia Majora

Answer 4

contains sweat & sebaceous glands

Question 5

Labia Minora

Answer 5

lubricate vulva and swell to stimulation

Question 6

Vestibule

Answer 6

oval area enclosed by labia minora

Question 7

Clitoris

Answer 7

small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue & nerves.
located at the anterior junction of the labia minora.
function is sexual stimulation

Question 8

Perineum

Answer 8

is the most posterior part of the external female reproductive organs. between the vulva and the anus.

Question 9

menstruation

Answer 9

inner lining of uterus(endometrium) is expelled by the body

Question 10

manarche

Answer 10

start of menstruation

Question 11

MENSTRUAL CYCLE:
cycle length
duration of flow
amount of blood loss

Answer 11

• Cycle length: 21 to 36days
• Duration of flow: 3 to 7days
• 1 to 2.5 ounces blood loss for each cycle (about 1 to 3 teaspoons)

Question 12

PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
what happens?
when?

Answer 12

enlargement of the endometrial glands in response to increasing amounts of estrogen.
The blood vessels become dilated and the endometrium increases in thickness
starts on day 5 of the menstrual cycle and lasts to the time of ovulation.

Question 13

Secretory phase

Answer 13

The secretory phase begins at ovulation to about 3days before the next menstrual period.
This phase typically lasts from day 15 (after ovulation) to day 28 and coincides with the luteal phase
of the ovarian cycle.

Question 14

Ischemic phase

Answer 14

begins if fertilization does not occur.
Estrogen and progesterone levels drop sharply
Ischemia leads to shedding of the endometrium down to the basal layer, and menstrual flow begins.

Question 15

Menstrual Phase

Answer 15

begins as the spiral arteries rupture, releasing blood into the uterus,
and the sloughing of the endometrial lining begins.

Question 16

Gonadotropin- Releasing Hormone
secreted from
purpose

Answer 16

Hypothalamus

Induces release of FSH & LH

Question 17

Follicle Stimulating Hormone
secreted from
purpose

Answer 17

Anterior pituitary gland

Maturation of the ovarian follicle

Question 18

Lutenizing Hormone
secreted from
purpose

Answer 18

Anterior pituitiary gland

Regulates function of ovaries

Question 19

Estrogen
secreted from
purpose

Answer 19

Ovaries

Development of follicle

Question 20

Progesterone
secreted from
purpose

Answer 20

Corpus luteum

Allows maintenance of pregnany

Question 21

Perimenopausal
length
action

Answer 21

• years (2 to 8years prior to menopause)
• decreasing estrogen levels,
• including: vasomotor symptoms of hot flashes, irregular menstrual cycles, sleep disruptions, forgetfulness, irritability, mood disturbances, decreased vaginal lubrication, night sweats, fatigue, vaginal atrophy, and depression

Question 22

Menopause
average age
definition

Answer 22

• universal and irreversible part of the overall aging process involving a woman’s reproductive system
• after which she no longer menstruates.
• marks the end of her childbearing capacity.
• average age of natural menopausal period is 50 to 51years old
• defined as 1year without a menstrual cycle

Question 23

Internal parts of the penis (3)

Answer 23

testes, ductal systems, accessory glans

Question 24

External parts of penis (2)

Answer 24

penis & scrotum

Question 25

amenorrhea

Answer 25

absence of menses during reproductive years

Question 26

dysmenorrhea

Answer 26

painful menstruation

Question 27

dysfuntional uterine bleeding

Answer 27

abnormal bleeding w/ no identifiable anatomic pathology

Question 28

PMS

Answer 28

constellation of recurrent symptoms that occur during the luteal phase or last half of the menstrual cycle and resolve with the onset of menstruation

Question 29

Endometriosis

Answer 29

* bits of functioning endometrial tissue are located outside of their normal site, the uterine cavity. * This endometrial tissue is commonly found attached to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the outer surface of the uterus, the bowels, the area between the vagina and the rectum (rectovaginal septum), and the pelvic side wall

Question 30

Infertility

Answer 30

the inability to conceive a child after 1 year of regular sexual intercourse unprotected by contraception

Question 31

Steps in in vitro fertilization

Answer 31

Injectable medications, for 8-14 days to stimulate the ovaries. FSH and LH hormone compromise the medications. shot of hCG or Lupron to trigger the shot. Helps eggs mature Physician removes one or more eggs from the ovaries, the eggs are then fertilized by sperm inside the embryology lab.

Question 32

``` COITUS INTERRUPTUS Description Failure rate Pros Cons STI protection ```

Answer 32

``` withdrawal 27% No device, no cost Requires self-control none ```

Question 33

``` LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA Description Failure rate Pros Cons STI protection ```

Answer 33

``` Uses lactationl infertility for pregnancy protection 1-2% No cost Temporary method none ```

Question 34

``` CONDOM Description Failure rate Pros Cons STI protection ```

Answer 34

``` Sheath placed over erect penis to block sperm 15% Wide access, low cost Proper use must be instructed Provides protection ```

Question 35

``` DIAPHRAGM Description Failure rate Pros Cons STI protection ```

Answer 35

Shallow latex cup w/ spring to hold in place 16% No hormone, safe, protects against cervical cancer Requires accurate fitting, increases UTIs none

Question 36

``` ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES Description Failure rate Pros Cons STI protection ```

Answer 36

Pill that suppresses ovulation by estrogen & progestin 8% Easy to use protects against ovarian & endometrial cancer Must take daily of ineffective none

Question 37

``` DEPO PROVERA Description Failure rate Pros Cons STI protection ```

Answer 37

``` Injectable progestin, inhibits ovulation 3% Long duration, can be used w/ lactation Menstrual irregularities, weight gain none ```

Question 38

``` INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVES Description Failure rate Pros Cons STI protection ```

Answer 38

``` T-shaped device inserted in uterus 1% Used w/ lactation, return fertility not impaired Professional insertion, amenorrhea none ```

Question 39

TUBAL LITATION

Answer 39

A laparoscope is inserted through a small sub-umbilical incision to provide a view of the fallopian tubes. They are grasped and sealed with a cauterizing instrument or with rings, bands, or clips or cut and tied

Question 40

VASECTOMY

Answer 40

The procedure involves making a small incision into the scrotum and cutting the vas deferens, which carries sperm from the testes to the penis

Question 41

Define spinnbarkeit and its importance during ovulation.

Answer 41

cervical mucous that can stretch before breaking | changes in consistency during the menstrual cycle and plays a vital role in fertilization of the egg.

Question 42

Using the basal body temperature method for contraception, when should she avoid unprotected intercourse?

Answer 42

the woman should avoid unprotected intercourse until the BBT has been elevated for 3 days.

Question 43

What does ACHES stand for?

Answer 43

``` A = Abdominal pain may indicate liver or gallbladder problems. C = Chest pain or shortness of breath may indicate a pulmonary embolus. H = Headaches may indicate hypertension or impending stroke. E = Eye problems may indicate hypertension or an attack. S = Severe leg pain ```

Question 44

What does PAINS stand for?

Answer 44

P = Period late, pregnancy, abnormal spotting or bleeding A = Abdominal pain, pain with intercourse I = Infection exposure, abnormal vaginal discharge N = Not feeling well, fever, chills S = String length shorter or longer or missing

Question 45

What are the 3 forms of surgical abortion?

Answer 45

Vacuum aspiration Dilation Evacuation & Induction

Question 46

What 3 drugs are currently used for medical abortions?

Answer 46

Methotrexate Misoprostol Mifepristone

Question 47

List 3 risk factors for Osteoporosis.

Answer 47

Age Anorexia Smoking & consuming alcohol