OB Exam2

Question 1

What is responsible for passing on genetic traits?

Answer 1

chromosomes

Question 2

What is the number of chromosomes in a mature sperm or egg cell?

Answer 2

23

Question 3

When is a recessive gene expressed?

Answer 3

When it is received from both parents

Question 4

What type of chromosome does an ovum contribute, and what type of chromosome does a sperm contribute?

Answer 4

Ovum- X

Sperm X or Y

Question 5

What does a dominant gene do?

Answer 5

Expresses itself

Question 6

What is the most important function of the amniotic fluid?

Answer 6

To protect the fetus

Question 7

What is the function of the anion and chorion?

Answer 7

Together they form the amniotic sac

Question 8

Which of the four layers of the cell is thick with villi on the outer surface?

Answer 8

chorion

Question 9

What is the second layer of the cell

Answer 9

anion

Question 10

What is the third layer of the cell

Answer 10

yolk sac

Question 11

What is the function of the yolk sac?

Answer 11

only needed during embryonic life, initiates the production of the RBCs

Question 12

What are the three stages of prenatal development?

Answer 12

1, zygote
2, embryo week 2 to 8
3, fetus- week 9 to birth

Question 13

What is the age of viability?

Answer 13

week 20

Question 14

what is considered full term?

Answer 14

week 38-40

Question 15

The fetal side of the placenta looks like?

Answer 15

gray and shiny

Question 16

What does the maternal side of the placenta look like?

Answer 16

bloody red and flesh like

Question 17

True or False: the placenta allows most medications to pass to the fetus?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What are the four hormones produced by the placenta?

Answer 18

Progesterone, estrogen, HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin, and hPL (human placental lactogen)

Question 19

What is the function of progesterone?

Answer 19

maintains uterine lining for implantation
reduces uterine contractions
prepares glands of the breast for lactation
stimulates testes to produce testosterone, which aid the mail fetus in developing their reproductive tract

Question 20

What is the function of estrogen?

Answer 20

stimulates uterine growth
increases the blood flow to the uterine vessels
stimulates development of the breast ducts to prepare for lactation

Question 21

What is the function of hCG?

Answer 21

hCG signals the corpus luteum to continue and produce estrogen and progesterone to sustain pregnancy,

Question 22

When is hCG detectable in maternal blood?

Answer 22

7 to 9 days after fertilization

Question 23

What is the function of hPL

Answer 23

causes decreased insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose by the mother, this makes more glucose available to the fetus.

Question 24

What is located between the fetus and the placenta?

Answer 24

The umbilical cord

Question 25

What separates the three vessels (AVA ) and cushions the cord?

Answer 25

Whartons jelly

Question 26

What are the three shunts of fetal circulation?

Answer 26

ductus venosus foramen ovale ductus arteriosus

Question 27

What does the ductus venosus divert?

Answer 27

diverts some blood away from the liver as it returns from the placenta

Question 28

What does the foramen ovale divert?

Answer 28

diverts most blood from the right atrium directly to the left atrium, rather than circulating it to the lungs

Question 29

What does the ductus arteriosus divert?

Answer 29

diverts most of the blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta.

Question 30

define dizygotic and monozygotic?

Answer 30

dizygotic - fraternal twins, develops from two eggs | monozygotic- identical twins, develops from one egg

Question 31

How many placentas do dizygotic twins and monozygotic twins have

Answer 31

dizygotic - two | monozygotic- one

Question 32

What is the purpose of chorionic villus sampling

Answer 32

helps to identify chromosome abnormalities or other defects. obtain a small part of the developing placenta to analyze fetal cells at 10-12 weeks gestation

Question 33

What conditions might AFP (alpha fetoprotein) testing discover?

Answer 33

identifies high levels of AFP which are associated with defects such as spina bifida, anencephaly, or gastroschisis.

Question 34

What does folic acid help to prevent?

Answer 34

Neural tube defects

Question 35

What are the two types of spina bifida?

Answer 35

occulta (hidden) | cystica (sac or cyst)

Question 36

What is the most serious type of spina bifida cystica?

Answer 36

meningomyelocele

Question 37

what may be used to feed an infant after cleft lip surgery?

Answer 37

a dropper until the wound is healed.

Question 38

children with a cleft palate are prone to what two medical conditions later in their development?

Answer 38

hearing loss, and speech difficulties

Question 39

What may an infant with hip dysplasia present with?

Answer 39

one leg shorter than the other if the head of the femur is completely displaced

Question 40

What is one treatment used for infants with hip dysplasia between 1-6 months old?

Answer 40

The pavlik harness

Question 41

What is tetrology of fallot?

Answer 41

a congenital heart defect with four defects

Question 42

What are the s/s of tetrology of fallot ?

Answer 42

excessive c rying heart murmurs cyanosis around the mouth and lips

Question 43

What is PKU

Answer 43

Phenylketonuria, a genetic disorder caused by faulty metabolism of phenylalanine.

Question 44

If PKU is not addressed what could it result in?

Answer 44

severe retardation

Question 45

What is the test for PKU and when is it done

Answer 45

guthrie blood test- a heel stick done at about 48-72 hours after birth,

Question 46

What is the treatment for PKU

Answer 46

low phenylanine diet

Question 47

What is TaySachs

Answer 47

fatal inherited disease of the central nervous system found in jewish populations, death usually happens before the child turns 5

Question 48

How can sickle cell anemia be detected?

Answer 48

Before birth with chorionic villi sample

Question 49

What is a screening test for sickle cell?

Answer 49

sickledex

Question 50

What is Thalassemia

Answer 50

group of hereditary blood disorders in which a pts body cannot produce enough hemoglobin

Question 51

How is Thalassemia treated?

Answer 51

diet high in iron

Question 52

what are the s/s of thalassemia?

Answer 52

enlarged spleen, fever and distended abdomen

Question 53

What is downs syndrome?

Answer 53

chromosomal abnormality

Question 54

What are the three types of downs syndrome

Answer 54

Trisomy 21 mosaicism translocation of a chromosome