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semester 4 > OB final > Flashcards

OB final Flashcards

1
Q

what is amenorrhea

A

absent menstrual flow

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2
Q

what is primary vs secondary amenorrhea

A

primary is when the woman has never had a period and secondary is when it has stopped

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3
Q

what are causes of secondary amenorrhea

A

pregnancy, lactation, obesity, intense exercise, anorexia, endocrine, meds

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4
Q

what is dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstruation

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5
Q

primary dysmenorrhea treatmemnt

A

NSAIDS, heat packs, BC

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6
Q

secondary dysmenorrhea tratment

A

ultrasound, D&C, endometrial biopsy, laprascopy

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7
Q

what is PMS

A

fluid retention, emotional and appetite changes
happens before menses and resolves with onset

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8
Q

what is dyspareunia

A

painful intercourse

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9
Q

what are the causes of dysparenuia

A

endometriosis
pelvis inflammatory disease
yeast infection

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10
Q

what is infertility

A

regular unprotected sex in women <35 without pregnancy

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11
Q

what are some causes of infertility

A

low body fat, PCOS, no ovulation, blocked tubes, vaginal cervical factors

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12
Q

what do we assess first when infertility is suspected

A

health hx, menstrual cycles, med problems, pregnancy hx, bc,
sperm analysis
female anatomy and ovulation

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13
Q

what does the basal body temp do to signify ovulation

A

drops slightly right before and then spikes after

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14
Q

what percentage of pregnancies are considered unintended

A

50%

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15
Q

how does fertility awareness work

A

tracking ovulation and avoiding sperm during that time

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16
Q

what is lactation amenorrhea and how is it used to prevent pregnancy

A

regular nipple stimulation up to 6 months after birth that releases prolactin and stops ovulation

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17
Q

what are the parameters for lactation BC method to work

A

baby must be exclusively breastfed and feed every 6 hours

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18
Q

What is a benefit of barrier methods

A

protect against STIs

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19
Q

what warning signs should the pt on combined hormonal bc be taught

A

abdominal cramps
chest pain
headache
eye problems
severe leg pain

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20
Q

which hormone BC is best for postpartum

A

progestin only - - other methods increase the risk for clots

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21
Q

what is the most unreliable method of contraception

A

coitus interrupticus or “pulling out”

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

what is the pt with an IUD at risk for

A

ectopic pregnancy

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24
Q

what is a sign of endometrial/uterine cancer

A

post menopausal bleeding

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25
what tests are used for uterine cancer
biopsy
26
what treatment is used for uterine cancer
hysterectomy
27
what is a risk for ovarian cancer
high # of menstrual cycles
28
what test is used to diagnose ovarian cancer
pelvic ultrasound
29
what treatment is used for ovarian cancer
surgery, chemo, radiation
30
what is the prognosis for ovarian cancer
poor if metastasized
31
what puts a pt at risk for cervical cancer
HPV exposure, tobacco
32
what is a sign of cervical cancer
bleeding after sex when it is more severe
33
what is used for screening for cervical cancer
pap smear, culposcopy
34
what treatment is used for cervical cancer
cone biopsy, LEEP, hysterectomy
35
what is a risk for vulvar cancer
age and HPV
36
what is a sign of vulvar cancer
itching patch on labia
37
what is the treatment of vulvar cancer
topical chemo
38
how can you help a woman during her first routine pelvic examination
teach procedure before the exam, tell them they can stop at any time, empty bladder, guide them through each sensation during the exam
39
what is endometriosis
growth of endometrial tissues outside of the uterus
40
what are symptoms of endometriosis
dysmenorrhea unresponsive to NSAIDS dyspareunia infertility
41
what is retrograde menses
causes bleeding wherever tissue is
42
what is the treatment for endometriosis
surgical removal -- but may return meds to stop menses block ovulation
43
what is magnesium sulfate used for
tocolytic, anticonvulsant for pre eclampsia
44
what are complications of magnesium sulfate
uterine atony, respiratory depression, absent deep tendon reflexes, hypotension
45
what is the reversal agent for mag sulfate
calcium gluconate
46
when should calcium gluconate be administered
respirations < 12 urine output < 30ml/h absent DTR
47
when is oxytocin used
uterine atony, labor augmentation, labor induction
48
what are complications of oxytocin
uterine atony (receptors desensitized) water intoxication uterine tachysystole
49
how do we know if oxytocin is effective
contractions are at a good rate (for labor) or fundus is firm pp
50
what is methergonovine used for
pp hemorrhage
51
how does methylergonovine work
causes tonic contraction of the uterus, clamps down and stays that way
52
what is a contraindication/complication of methylergonovine
hypertension -- systemic vasoconstrictor
53
what is terbutaline
smooth muscle relaxant
54
when is terbutaline used
stop contractions
55
what is a complication of terbutaline
maternal tachycardia
56
how do we know if terbutaline is working
decreased contractions
57
when is betamethasone given
between 24-34 weeks to stimulate fetal lung maturation
58
what should be monitored when pt given betamethasone
hyperglycemia infections
59
how to calculate a due date using Naegels rule
minus 3 months, plus 7 days
60
what is a normal weight gain with a normal BMI
25-35 pounds
61
what is a normal newborn weight loss
7-10% of birth weight
62
if a newborn is 3500 grams at birth, a normal weight on discharge could be about what
3300 grams
63
veins and arteries in a cord
2 arteries and one vein
64
why is it such a big change for baby at birth to take a breath
when the cord is clamped, blood is shunted through the lungs for the first time, causing the baby to take their first breath
65
what is needed for baby to take their first breath
positive pressure and surfactant
66
what does facial edema, blurred vision, and floaters point to in pregnancy
preeclampsia
67
what could burning with urination be a sign of
UTI
68
what could severe vomiting and electrolyte imbalance symptoms be a sign of
hyperemesis gravidarum
69
gush of fluid from the bagina
water bag broke -- positive ferning test
70
what are signs of supine hypotension
lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, weakness, syncope when laying on back
71
what is the solution for supine hypotension
place client on their side to displace the fetus off of the abdominal aorta
72
how to do Leopold's maneuvers
palpate the fundus first feel the sides of the fundus to find the smooth side palpate above the pubic symphysis
73
where should we put the heart monitor for the baby in the right occiput posterior position
right lower quadrant
74
where should we put the heart monitor for the baby in the left occiposterior position
left lower quadrant
75
how long does a non stress test take
20-30 minutes
76
what should the nurse teach the patient before a non stress test
push the button when you feel fetal movement -- may have to drink orange juice, or use a vibroacoustic tool to wake the baby
77
what is a reactive stress test and what does it mean
2 or more accelerations in a 20 minute period this is a good result
78
what is a non reactive stress test and what does it mean
less than 2 accelerations in a 20 minute period
79
what should be done if we get a nonreactive stress test result
biophysical profile
80
what does a variable deceleration signify
cord compression
81

semester 4 (8 decks)

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