OB/GYN I

Question 1

___, also known as painful periods, or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation. Its usual onset occurs around the time that menstruation begins. Symptoms typically last less than ___ days. The pain is usually in the ___ or lower abdomen.

Answer 1

1. Dysmenorrhea; 2. Three; 3. Pelvis;

Question 2

In the average female, the menstrual cycle lasts ___ days.

Answer 2

1. 28;

Question 3

Dysmenorrhea that occurs before, during and after menstrual flow is generally ___ in nature (not hormonal) and may signal an underlying ___.

Answer 3

1. Organic; 2. Illness (or dysfunction);

Question 4

Pregnancy-Induced hypertension develops after the ___th week of pregnancy in women with previously normal blood pressures and resolves spontaneously in the ___ period.

Answer 4

1. 20; 2. Postpartum;

Question 5

Preeclampia manifests after the ___th week of pregnancy, with the onset of a triad of symptoms: ___, usually of the face, ankles and hands; gradual onset of ___; and ___ in the urine.

Answer 5

1. 20; 2. Edema; 3. Hypertension; 4. Protein;

Question 6

Regarding neonatal resuscitation, bradycardia is concerning when the heart rate is less than ___ bpm. The primary cause of neonatal bradycardia is ___.

Answer 6

1. 100; 2. Hypoxia;

Question 7

___ presentations do not deliver in the field. If this complication of delivery occurs, it is critical to begin immediate ___. Instruct the mother to ___, not push.

Answer 7

1. Limb; 2. Transport; 3. Pant;

Question 8

In children between 1 and 10 years of age, the low normal systolic blood pressure is calculated as follows: ___. The high normal SBP in this same age group is calculated as follows: ___.

Answer 8

1. (age [in years] x 2) + 70; 2. (age [in years] x 2) + 90;

Question 9

The ___ shunts oxygenated blood from a fetus’ right atrium directly into the ___, diverting blood flow away from the ___.

Answer 9

1. Foramen ovale; 2. Left atrium; 3. Lungs;

Question 10

The ___ connects the fetal pulmonary artery and the aorta; it diverts blood flow away from the ___.

Answer 10

1. Ductus arteriosus; 2. Lungs;

Question 11

Following delivery, the ___ and ___ constrict, which, in combination with an increase in fetal pulmonary circulation and clearance of fluid from the fetus/ alveoli, allows the newborn to oxygenate its own blood.

Answer 11

1. Foramen ovale; 2. Ductus arteriosus;

Question 12

The ___ transports oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus; it empties directly into the fetus’ ___.

Answer 12

1. Ductus venosus; 2. Vena cava;

Question 13

The ___ return deoxygenated blood and other wastes from the fetus to the placenta, where it is subsequently eliminated by the maternal circulation.

Answer 13

1. Umbilical arteries (two);

Question 14

What is the pediatric dose of Adenosine?

Answer 14

1. 0.1 mg/kg IV (max dose 6 mg) over 1-3 sec (flushed rapidly with 5-10 mL NS); May repeat after 1-2 min with 0.2 mg/kg (max dose 12 mg);

Question 15

What is the pediatric dose of epinephrine for cardiac arrest?

Answer 15

0.01 mg/kg 1:10k IV (1 mL/10 kg; max dose 1 mg); May repeat q 3+ min;……….Or 0.1 mg/kg 1:1k ET; May repeat q 3+ min;

Question 16

___ - inflammation of the bronchioles - is caused by a ___ infection and most commonly affect children less than ___ years of age.

Answer 16

1. Bronchiolitis; 2. Viral; 3. Two;

Question 17

The most common source of bronchiolitis is ___.

Answer 17

1. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV);

Question 18

The clinical presentation of bronchiolitis is similar to ___. However, one difference between the two diseases is that only bronchiolitis often presents with ___.

Answer 18

1. Asthma; 2. Fever (low-grade);

Question 19

Croup is a ___ infection of the ___ airway; it most commonly affects children between ___-___. Classically, croup is associated with a barky cough and ___-grade fever; increased work of breathing and ___ are often noted in more severe cases.

Answer 19

1. Viral; 2. Upper; 3. Six months-six years; 4. Low; 5. Stridor;

Question 20

Pneumonia typically presents with fever and ___ crackles on auscultation of one or more lobes of the lungs.

Answer 20

1. Coarse;

Question 21

In the infant or child, defibrillate one time with _(energy)_, followed immediately by CPR. After two minutes, reassess the child. If V-Fib or pulseless V-Tach persists, defibrillate one time with _(energy)_ followed immediately by CPR. Subsequent shocks should be delivered every two minutes, as needed, at a dose that is _(energy)_ (up to _[energy]_).

Answer 21

1. 2 J/kg; 2. 4 J/kg; 3. >= 4 J/kg; 4. 10 j/kg;

Question 22

Amitriptyline (Elavil) is a ___ drug. If you suspect this as the cause of a pediatric patient’s cardiac arrest, _(medication)_ should be considered.

Answer 22

1. Tricyclic antidepressant; 2. Sodium Bicarbonate (used to alkalinize the blood and promote excretion of the drug);

Question 23

Cancer of the blood.

Answer 23

1. Leukemia;

Question 24

A patient with anemia can have similar signs and symptoms to _(disease)_, but tends to have cutaneous bleeding and an unusual craving for ___.

Answer 24

1. Leukemia; 2. Ice;

Question 25

An ecchymosis is a subcutaneous spot of bleeding with a diameter greater than \_\_\_. It is similar to (and sometimes indistinguishable from) a \_\_\_, commonly called a bruise, though the terms are not interchangeable in careful usage. Specifically, bruises are caused by ___ whereas ecchymoses may be caused by either \_(same)\_ or by medical conditions.

Answer 25

1. One cm; 2. Hematoma; 3. Trauma;

Question 26

Cancer of the lymphatic system.

Answer 26

1. Lymphoma;

Question 27

\_\_\_ is characterized by weakness, enlarged lymph nodes, fever, weight loss and anorexia.

Answer 27

1. Lymphoma;

Question 28

Signs and symptoms of ___ depend on the body system affected, and include severe joint or bone pain, abdominal pain from an enlarged spleen, chest pain and hemoptysis.

Answer 28

1. Sickle Cell Crisis;

Question 29

Women younger than ___ years of age experiencing their ___ pregnancy are at highest risk for preeclampsia.

Answer 29

1. 20; 2. First;

Question 30

Preeclampsia usually manifests after the \_\_\_th week of pregnancy.

Answer 30

1. 20;

Question 31

High fever.

Answer 31

1. Hyperpyrexia;

Question 32

\_\_\_ toxicity produces a high fever, primary respiratory alkalosis (deep, rapid respirations) and concurrent metabolic acidosis.

Answer 32

1. Aspirin;

Question 33

Acetaminophen toxicity results in ___ damage or failure.

Answer 33

1. Liver;

Question 34

Codeine is a ___ and will depress the \_\_\_, causing hypoventilation, bradycardia, and hypotension.

Answer 34

1. Narcotic; 2. CNS;

Question 35

Ibuprofen toxicity typically results in ___ damage.

Answer 35

1. Gastrointestinal;

Question 36

If hypotension is present after ROSC following pediatric CPR, administer \_(amount)\_ fluid boluses; however, if poor cardiac function is suspected (e.g. cardiogenic shock), give \_(amount)\_ fluid boluses as this may help reduce the risk of pulmonary edema. If hypotension persists despite fluid boluses, consider an ___ drug (e.g. dopamine), or a ___ (e.g. epinephrine).

Answer 36

1. 20 mL/kg; 2. 10 mL/kg; 3. Inotropic; 4. Vasopressor;

Question 37

Mottling indicates poor perfusion; it is not commonly observed in infants and children with a fever. It may, however, be observed in infants and children who are in ___ shock.

Answer 37

1. Septic;

Question 38

The risks of vomiting and aspiration are greater in unresponsive pregnant women than non-pregnant women because physiologic changes result in ___ gastric \_\_\_, and an enlarged ___ which displaces the ___ and intestines upward and laterally.

Answer 38

1. Delayed; 2. Emptying; 3. Uterus; 4. Stomach;

Question 39

\_\_\_ refers to the number of times a woman has been pregnant, regardless of the term or outcome of the pregnancy.

Answer 39

1. Gravidity;

Question 40

\_\_\_ refers to the number of pregnancies carried beyond __ weeks, regardless of whether the baby was born alive or dead.

Answer 40

1. Parity; 2. 28;

Question 41

What does G4A1P2 mean with regards to a pregnant patient?

Answer 41

1. The patient has been pregnant four times (including her current pregnancy), she has had one abortion, and she has two living children.

Question 42

A full-term infant is born between \_\_\_-\_\_\_ weeks and weighs more than ___ lbs.

Answer 42

1. 37-42; 2. 5.5;

Question 43

A premature infant is born before ___ weeks or weighs less than ___ lbs.

Answer 43

1. 37; 2. 5.5;

Question 44

All newborns are prone to heat loss; however, ___ infants are at an especially high risk.

Answer 44

1. Premature;

Question 45

A term for the anatomic and physiologic processes that facilitate survival in an extrauterine environment.

Answer 45

1. Fetal transition;

Question 46

You should clamp and cut the umbilical cord only after \_\_\_.

Answer 46

1. It has stopped pulsating and the infant is breathing adequately;

Question 47

If a newborn requires resuscitation beyond the simple steps of drying, warming, and suctioning, ___ the cord; keep the infant at the level of the ___ and provide any needed resuscitation there.

Answer 47

1. Do not clamp and cut; 2. Perineum;

Question 48

Clinical signs of pediatric respiratory ___ include tachycardia, head bobbing, and marked irritability. Clinical signs of pediatric respiratory ___ include lethargy, bradypnea, bradycardia, and central cyanosis. If left untreated, this condition will progress to respiratory \_\_\_, the most common cause of pediatric \_\_\_.

Answer 48

1. Distress; 2. Failure; 3. Arrest; 4. Cardiac arrest;

Question 49

Any woman of childbearing age who has abdominal pain should be assumed to have a(n) ___ until ruled out by a physician.

Answer 49

1. Ectopic pregnancy;

Question 50

Name two (of seven listed) risk factors for ectopic pregnancy.

Answer 50

1. Maternal age of 35-44; 2. IUD use; 3. Conception after tubal ligation; 4. History of PID; 5. Endometriosis; 6. Induced abortions; 7. Smoking;

Question 51

Febrile seizures can occur in children between \_(age)\_ to \_(age)\_.

Answer 51

1. Six months; 2. Six years;

Question 52

Neck pain or stiffness.

Answer 52

1. Nuchal rigidity;

Question 53

Length-based resuscitation tapes can be used to calculated drug dosages for children up to \_(weight)\_.

Answer 53

1. 75 lbs (34 kg);

Question 54

A formula for roughly estimating the weight of a child in kilograms.

Answer 54

1. (age [in years] x2) + 8;

Question 55

True of False: Uterine massage should not be performed on a woman who is still pregnant.

Answer 55

1. True;

Question 56

Inflammation or infection of the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 56

1. Meningitis;

Question 57

Meningitis is usually caused by a ___ or ___ infection. ___ infection is rarely life-threatening; however, ___ meningitis is potentially fatal.

Answer 57

1. Viral; 2. Bacterial (pneumococcal, meningococcal); 3. Viral; 4. Bacterial;

Question 58

Meningococcal meningitis may cause seizures, septic shock, and death, and is often accompanies by a ___ (small, pinpoint red spots) or ___ (large purple or black spots) rash.

Answer 58

1. Petechial; 2. Purpuric;

Question 59

\_\_\_ syndrome occurs when a patient in the later stages of pregnancy is positioned ___ and the ___ compresses the \_\_\_.

Answer 59

1. Supine hypotensive; 2. Supine; 3. Uterus; 4. Inferior vena cava;

Question 60

A woman in the later stages of pregnancy should be positioned to her \_\_\_, just enough to \_\_\_.

Answer 60

1. Left; 2. Shift the uterus off the vena cava;

Question 61

\_\_\_ typically presents within 7 to 10 days after the end of the menstrual cycle and is characterized by \_(region)\_ abdominal pain, low-grade fever, painful intercourse and vaginal discharge.

Answer 61

1. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID); 2. Bilateral lower quadrant;

Question 62

PID is frequently the result of a ___ disease.

Answer 62

1. Sexually-transmitted (e.g. chlamydia, gonorrhea);

Question 63

An inflammation of the inner uterine lining (endometrium), usually due to infection, but also caused by trauma.

Answer 63

1. Endometritis (not endometriosis);

Question 64

A condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, usually on the abdominal and pelvic organs.

Answer 64

1. Endometriosis;

Question 65

A condition characterized by severe and persistent vomiting during pregnancy.

Answer 65

1. Hyperemesis gravidarum;

Question 66

Hyperemesis gravidarum places the patient at risk for ___ syndrome.

Answer 66

1. Mallory-Weiss;

Question 67

A condition in which the junction between the esophagus and stomach tears, causing severe bleeding and possibly death.

Answer 67

1. Mallory-Weiss Syndrome;

Question 68

A disease of the liver that occurs only during pregnancy.

Answer 68

1. Cholestasis;

Question 69

Name two (of three listed) of the most common causes of third trimester bleeding.

Answer 69

1. Abruption placenta; 2. Placenta previa; 3. Uterine rupture;

Question 70

Epiglottitis is a ___ infection that causes sever swelling of the epiglottis.

Answer 70

1. Bacterial;

Question 71

Croup is caused by a ___ infection.

Answer 71

1. Viral;

Question 72

Which has a more rapid onset of symptoms, epiglottitis or croup?

Answer 72

1. Epiglottitis;

Question 73

Small children tend to land ___ when they fall from a significant height.

Answer 73

1. Head-first;

Question 74

The leading cause of traumatic death in infants and children.

Answer 74

1. Falls (with associated head trauma);

Question 75

In infants, reentry SVT is characterized by a ventricular rate greater than ___ beats/min, and in children, a rate greater than ___ beats/min. Pediatric reentry SVT is further characterized by QRS complexes less than or equal to ___ ms, and ___ intervals which do not vary with movement or activity.

Answer 75

1. 220; 2. 180; 3. 90; 4. R-R;

Question 76

Ventricular tachycardia is uncommon in children, but should be suspected if the QRS complexes measure greater than ___ ms in duration.

Answer 76

1. 90;

Question 77

What does EAT stand for, with regards to cardiac rhythms?

Answer 77

1. Ectopic Atrial Tachycardia;

Question 78

Tracheal suctioning is indicated in the newborn when what two conditions are present?

Answer 78

1. Meconium is present in the amniotic fluid; 2. The infant is not vigorous; (If the newborn is vigorous, tracheal suctioning is NOT indicated.)

Question 79

Which female hormone stimulates ovulation?

Answer 79

1. Luteinizing hormone (LH);

Question 80

Name one (of two listed) hormones which prepares the inner uterine lining (endometrium) for implantation by thickening its walls.

Answer 80

1. Progesterone; 2. Estrogen;

Question 81

\_\_\_ hormone is responsible for producing estrogen.

Answer 81

1. Follicle-stimulating;

Question 82

\_\_\_ (HCG) prevents the corpus luteum from degenerating so that a pregnancy may continue.

Answer 82

1. Human chorionic gonadotropin;

Question 83

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children older than one month of age should receive \_(quantity)\_ fluid boluses, followed by reassessment, if they have severe dehydration and signs of shock. Neonates should receive \_(quantity)\_ fluid boluses.

Answer 83

1. 20 mL/kg; 2. 10 mL/kg;

Question 84

Laryngotracheobronchitis.

Answer 84

Croup.

Question 85

\_\_\_ virus causes most cases of croup. Croup causes swelling of the ___ and \_\_\_, resulting in a barking, \_\_\_-like cough.

Answer 85

1. Parainfluenza; 2. Larynx; 3. Trachea; 4. Seal;

Question 86

Consider giving a pediatric croup patient nebulized racemic epinephrine, ___ mL of a \_\_\_% solution in ___ mL of normal saline.

Answer 86

1. 0.5; 2. 2.25; 3. 3;

Question 87

Aspirin should not be given to children; it ahs been linked to a rare illness called ___ syndrome, which can result in ___ edema and ___ failure.

Answer 87

1. Reye's; 2. Cerebral; 3. Liver;

Question 88

Pediatric dose of amiodarone for refractory ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia.

Answer 88

1. 5 mg/kg;

Question 89

\_\_\_cardia is an ominous sign in infants and children with a respiratory problem; it indicates severe hypoxia, decompensation, and impending respiratory or cardiac arrest.

Answer 89

1. Brady;

Question 90

One of the most common causes of dehydration in infants and children is vomiting and diarrhea secondary to acute ___ - usually of a viral etiology.

Answer 90

1. Gastroenteritis;

Question 91

True of False: Use of a length-based resuscitation tape measure is considered to be the most reliable way to estimate a child's weight (i.e. more reliable than estimating a child's weight using a mathematical formula).

Answer 91

1. True;

Question 92

To measure a child using a length-based tape measure, place the ___ end of the tape at the \_\_\_, Next, stretch the tape out the full length of the child, stopping at the \_\_\_.

Answer 92

1. Red; 2. Top of the head; 3. Heel;

Question 93

If a child is longer than the length-based resuscitation tape measure, use the ___ technique/dosage.

Answer 93

1. Adult;

Question 94

\_\_\_ is the partial or complete detachment of the placenta beyond the \_\_\_th week of gestation.

Answer 94

1. Abruptio placenta; 2. 20;

Question 95

\_\_\_ is the partial or complete implantation of the placenta over the ___ opening.

Answer 95

1. Placenta previa; 2. Cervical;

Question 96

\_\_\_ typically presents with acute, tearing abdominal pain, active labor, and shock; abdominal palpation often reveals rigidity and pain, and in some cases, fetal parts.

Answer 96

1. Uterine rupture;

Question 97

A(n)\_\_\_ is the spontaneous termination of a pregnancy before the \_\_\_th week of pregnancy.

Answer 97

1. Spontaneous abortion;

Question 98

Umbilical cord wrapped around a newborn's neck.

Answer 98

1. Nuchal cord;

Question 99

Initial management for a nuchal cord.

Answer 99

1. Gently attempt to slip the cord over the newborn's head (if this is unsuccessful, the cord should be clamped and cut.);

Question 100

Ventilations in the brain-injured child should be guided to an end-tidal CO2 of between \_\_\_-\_\_\_ mmHg.

Answer 100

1. 30-35;