OB NORMAL NOTES Flashcards
(335 cards)
1
Q
1
A
Scrotum
2
Q
2
A
Penis
3
Q
•
A
External structure (protect)
4
Q
•
A
pad of adipose tissue located over the
5
Q
•
A
symphysis pubis.
6
Q
•
A
covered by a triangular coarse curly hair.
7
Q
•
A
Functions:
8
Q
•
A
2 small lips
9
Q
•
A
two folds of hairless connective tissue.
10
Q
•
A
pinkish
11
Q
•
A
not covered with pubic hair
12
Q
•
A
Child bearing - becomes firm and full
13
Q
•
A
Menopause - atrophied
14
Q
•
A
2 large lips longitudinal fold
15
Q
•
A
extends
16
Q
•
A
Clitoris
17
Q
•
A
Function:
18
Q
•
A
almond
19
Q
•
A
Sensitive to manipulation (easily thorn)
20
Q
•
A
Fourchette - cut during episiotomy.
21
Q
•
A
For urination
22
Q
•
A
secretes mucus for lubrication (alkalinic)
23
Q
•
A
a.k.a Paraurethral gland
24
Q
•
A
Tough
25
•
Healing
26
•
external opening of the vagina
27
•
deoderlein's bacillus
28
•
normal ph - 3.8 to 5.0
29
•
para-vaginal or vulvo vaginal gland
30
•
secretes mucus
31
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inferior part of vagina
32
•
Bartholin’s
33
•
mascular structure
34
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located between vagina and anus
35
•
Layers of the uterus
36
•
2 to 4 inches long
37
•
serves
38
•
passageway
39
•
ampulla
40
•
interstitium
41
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AOG - age of gestation
42
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EDD - expected date of delivery
43
•
hormone for the women
44
•
Function:
45
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hormone for the mother
46
•
prepares the endometrium for
47
•
responsible for uterine contraction
48
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decreases GI motility which causes
49
•
mood swings during pregnancy
50
•
increase in basal body temperature
51
•
development in mammary gland
52
•
Should maintain level of progesterone
53
•
episodic
54
•
Structures involved:
55
•
occurs
56
•
moderate increase in the vital signs
57
•
sex flush
58
•
erection; for the
59
•
may last from minutes to hours
60
•
foreplay
61
•
further increase in the vital signs
62
•
women;
63
•
Short time (30 sec to 3 mins)
64
•
more erection
65
•
reached before orgasm
66
•
“Orgasmic platform”
67
•
Note: Encourage foreplay
68
•
Women have more problems with orgasm
69
•
Men: problems with ejaculation,
70
•
2 to 10 seconds
71
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pain during coitus
72
•
can occur because of endometriosis,
73
•
Estrogen- maintains wetness; decrease
74
•
Prone to vaginismus
75
•
Ovum - ovulation to fertilization
76
•
Zygote - fertilization to implantation
77
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Embryo - implantation to 5-8 weeks AOG
78
•
Fetus - 8 weeks until term
79
•
Neonate- birth to first 28 days of life
80
•
Conceptus - developing embryo and
81
•
Age of Viability - 20 weeks / 20 to 24
82
•
Equal maturation of both sperm and
83
•
Ability of the sperm to reach the ovum
84
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Ability of the sperm to penetrate the zone
85
•
Implantation may occur 7 to 10 days after
86
•
from ovulation; 3 to 4 days, after it
87
•
Trophoblast cells - becomes the placenta
88
•
Protection
89
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Remaining portion of uterine lining
90
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fingerlike projections
91
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Reach about 200 villi at term
92
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Present as early as 11-12 weeks of AOG
93
•
CV: central core - connective tissue
94
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Central core: Capillaries
95
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The outer of the two covering layer is
96
•
Cytotrophoblast:
97
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early detection of genetic abnormalities
98
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removal of tissue sampling from the fetal
99
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9 to 12 weeks or during the 1st trimester
100
•
be careful because complication includes:
101
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genetic investigation
102
during 1st trimester = there will be normal
delivery
103
•
2 layers
104
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Bag of water
105
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Musty odor with crystalized ferning
106
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500 to 1200 ml
107
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Life span of amniotic fluid- 42 weeks
108
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As early as 37-38 weeks the amniotic fluid
109
•
Function:
110
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more than 2000 ml - 4000 ml amniotic
111
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pocket of fluid that is more than 8 cm
112
•
Amniotic Fluid - form in the kidneys,
113
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Esophageal atresia - incomplete
114
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Normal pocket of amniotic fluid - 2 to 8
115
•
Problems with the production of amniotic
116
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CNS
117
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Peripheral Nervous System
118
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Skin, hair and nails
119
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Sebaceous glands
120
•
Sense organs
121
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Mammary glands
122
•
Tooth enamel
123
•
supporting structures of the body
124
•
Heart and Circulatory System
125
•
Reproductive System
126
•
Any drugs, virus or irradiation that expose
127
•
Toxoplasmosis
128
•
German Measles
129
•
Viral infection
130
•
Deafness- most common side effect
131
•
Painless, irregular / Practice or
132
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From abdomen radiates to the back
133
•
To increase placental perfusion
134
3
Ballottement
135
•
Bouncing of fetus (IE)
136
•
Cervix (consistency)
137
1
Goodles Sign
138
•
Mucus plug
139
•
Located in the cervix
140
•
Ovulation stops
141
•
Chadwick Sign
142
•
Increase
143
•
Bluish/purplish discoloration
144
•
Increase amount of vaginal discharge
145
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Occurs as a result of estrogen and
146
•
Active colostrum production can start as
147
•
Increase in size of breast
148
•
Nipple increase in size and becomes
149
•
There is tingling sensation, breast
150
1
Morning Sickness
151
•
Cause: UNKNWON
152
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Related to increase HCG level
153
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Nausea, vomiting, dizziness
154
•
Decrease energy every morning
155
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Acid reflux because of hypoglycemia
156
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Can occur every morning or afternoon
157
•
Normal during 1st trimester
158
•
Hyperemesis gravidarum- MS on 2nd
159
•
Management:
160
•
Increase
161
1
Lordosis
162
•
Pride of pregnancy
163
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To maintain balance/ equilibrium
164
2
Waddling Gait
165
•
Because of hormone relaxin- the body
166
3
Leg Cramps
167
•
Pressure of the growing uterus to the legs
168
•
Decrease calcium, Decrease potassium,
169
•
Management:
170
1
Striae Gravidarum
171
•
“Stretch
172
•
Reddish streaks- located in abdomen,
173
•
Because of stretching of the skin; not
174
2
Linea Nigra
175
•
Dark line from symphysis pubis to
176
3
Chloasma or Melasma
177
•
Mask of pregnancy
178
•
Increase activity of melanocyte
179
•
Increase production of Melany
180
•
Palmar erythema/ Palmar pruritus =
181
•
Occur temporarily
182
•
Management
183
1
Shortness of Breath
184
•
Because of the pressure of the uterus to
185
•
Management
186
3
Constipation
187
•
Because of progesterone- decrease
188
•
Because of diet
189
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Because of decrease activity/ exercise
190
•
Because of hydration/ fluid intake
191
•
Because of pressure of the growing
192
•
Because of the ferrous sulfate/ iron
193
•
Management:
194
•
Do not give suppositories, laxative; If
195
4
Flatulence
196
•
Management
197
5
Nausea and Vomiting
198
•
Due to increase HCG
199
•
Management:
200
6
Heartburn/ Pyrosis
201
•
There is gastric reflux to the esophagus
202
•
There is a pressure of the uterus to the
203
•
There is a relaxation of cardiac sphincter
204
•
Management:
205
7
Fatigue
206
•
Common in early pregnancy= there is
207
•
Caloric requirement during pregnancy
208
8
Muscle/Leg Cramps
209
•
Decrease serum calcium level and
210
•
Give amphogel
211
▪
Second Trimester
212
▪
Third Trimester
213
•
Calories
214
•
Protein
215
•
Folic Acid
216
•
Calcium
217
•
Iron
218
•
Vitamin C
219
•
Vitamin D
220
•
Vitamin B Complex
221
1
Sexual Activity
222
•
Not allowed if mother has history of
223
•
Can still intercourse during 1st and 2nd
224
•
If the abdomen is already big, suggest the
225
•
Avoid cunnilingus = because of the risk of
226
2
Bathing
227
•
Can use bath tub= just make sure it is not
228
•
Locate what is in the fundus
229
•
Fundal Grip
230
•
To determine fetal back and spine
231
•
Umbilical Grip
232
2
Passage way
233
•
Penis, cervix, vagina
234
•
Those who underwent pelvic surgery
235
A.
Gynecoid
236
•
Female pelvis = round, wide
237
•
Most ideal type of pelvis in NSD
238
•
NSD
239
B.
Android
240
•
Male pelvis = heart shape= wide anterior
241
•
CS
242
C.
Anthropoid
243
•
Ape like pelvis = Oval / ovoid shape
244
•
NSD
245
D.
Platypelloid
246
•
Flat
247
•
posterior diameter = narrow diameter
248
•
CS
249
1
Diagonal Conjugate
250
•
Measurment between sacral promontory
251
•
Normal measurement= 11.5 to 12. 5
252
2
True Conjugate / Con
253
•
Measurement from the anterior
254
•
Normal
255
3
Obstetrical Conjugate
256
•
Smallest antero- posterior diameter
257
•
Subtract 1.5 cm to 2cm from the
258
•
Normal = 10 cm
259
4
Tuberoischi Diameter
260
•
Transverse diameter of the pelvic outlet
261
5
Ischial Tuberosity
262
•
8 cm and above
263
•
If you can insert your fist, means =
264
3
Power
265
•
The force activity to expel the fetus and
266
•
Increment crescendo = ascending
267
•
Decrement decrescendo = Descending
268
•
Peak = acme
269
•
Duration
270
•
Frequency = from the start of 1
271
•
Cervical Dilation= 0.3cm
272
•
Duration = 20
273
•
Frequency = 5 to 10 mins.
274
•
Intensity = mild and short
275
•
Do not plot in
276
•
Do not give medication for pain = it can
277
2
Active Phase
278
•
Fears losing control of self
279
•
Admit patient
280
•
Plot on the partograph
281
•
Cervical Dilation = 4-7 cm
282
•
Duration = 40-60 secs.
283
•
Frequency = 3-5 min.
284
•
Intensity = Moderate or Stronger
285
•
Give meds ; do not eat food and drink ;
286
•
Assess:
287
3
Transitional Phase
288
•
Mood changes with hyperesthesia
289
•
Cervical dilation = 8-10 cm
290
•
Duration = 60
291
•
Frequency = 2 to 3 mins.
292
•
Intensity = severe / strongest
293
•
8-9
294
•
Tires= give pillow, apply massage, exert
295
•
Inform of progress= inform the client
296
•
Restless= purst lip breathing, pant
297
•
Encourage and praise
298
•
Effacement = thinning of cervix ; cm is
299
•
Dilatation = express in cm; 1 cm per hour
300
A.
Station
301
•
Ischial Spine
302
•
If the presenting is already engage to
303
•
(Cardinal Movement)
304
•
Engagement
305
•
Descent
306
•
Flexion
307
•
Internal rotation
308
•
Extension
309
•
Extended rotation
310
•
Expulsion
311
3
THIRD STAGE
312
•
Placental stage = start from delivering the
313
•
Placenta should be delivered within 5 to
314
•
15
315
1
Lengthening of cord
316
2
Sudden gush of blood
317
3
Calkin sign = firm and globular,
318
•
Fetal side
319
•
Shiny
320
•
Separates from center to edge
321
•
Maternal side
322
•
Dirty
323
•
Beefy
324
•
Separate from edge to center
325
•
If the placenta is being delivered do not
326
•
Before injecting the methergine
327
•
When evacuating blood clot used gloved
328
4
FOURTH STAGE
329
•
First 1 to 2 hours after placental delivery
330
•
Monitor V/S of mother every 15 mins. for
331
•
Monitor the fundus = must be
332
•
Check the uterus every 15 mins. = check if
333
•
Check the b ladder = if full,
334
•
Involution = return of fundus to its non
335
•
After 1 day = 1 cm below umbilicus
