OB test 3

Question 1

What is the major reason why fetuses younger than 24 weeks are generally considered non viable?

Answer 1

Pulmonary immaturity

Question 2

Fluid in lungs at birth clears by what 3 routes?

Answer 2

Mouth and nose
Into pulmonary capillaries
Into lymphatic and pulmonary vessels

Question 3

In a normal thoracic cavity, the ribs form the ___ margins, the clavicles form the ____ margins, and diaphragm forms ___ margins

Answer 3

Lateral
Upper
Lower

Question 4

In the presence of oligohydramnios, what may result?

Answer 4

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Question 5

Chest circumference is measured in __ plane at level of ____ view

Answer 5

Trans

4 chamber view of heart

Question 6

A fetus with significant narrow diameter of chest may have ___

Answer 6

Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy

Question 7

Central portion of thorax is occupied by the ____

Answer 7

Mediastinum

Question 8

Apex of heart should be directed towards the ___

Answer 8

Spleen

Question 9

Base of heart lies ___ to diaphragm

Answer 9

Horizontal

Question 10

Abnormal position of heart may indicate ___

Answer 10

Chest mass
Pleural effusion
Cardiac malformation

Question 11

Fetal lungs appear

Answer 11

Homogenous

Question 12

Can US assess lung maturity?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

As gestation increases, lung echogenicity ____

Answer 13

Increases

Question 14

Fetal breathing becomes more prominent in what trimester?

Answer 14

2nd and 3rd

Question 15

A mature fetus spend almost __ of its life breathing

Answer 15

1/3

Question 16

When evaluating fetus for lung mass, sonographer should assess ___

Answer 16

Position of fetal heart
Orientation of cardiac axis
TC

Question 17

Normal cardiac axis is at ___ degrees

Answer 17

45

Question 18

Deviation of heart from normal axis suggests presence of

Answer 18

Intrathoracic mass

Question 19

Lungs will not grow or develop when ____ occurs

Answer 19

Oligo

Question 20

With a mass in thoracic cavity, heart and mediastinal structure may be ___ and lung may be ___

Answer 20

Displaced

Compressed

Question 21

Pulmonary hypoplasia is caused by increase in numbers of ___

Answer 21

Lung cells
Airways
Alveoli

Question 22

This type of abnormality results in lethal pulmonary hypoplasia

Answer 22

Kidney

Question 23

Methods used to determine presence of pulmonary hypoplasia

Answer 23

Thoracic measurements
Lung measurements
Lung volume 
Doppler of pulmonary arteries 
Fetal breathing activity

Question 24

What is the most common lung cyst detected prenatally?

Answer 24

Bronchogenic cyst

Question 25

Bronchogenic cysts occurs as result of ____ and lack of communication with ___

Answer 25

Abnormal budding of foregut | Trachea or bronchial tree

Question 26

Bronchogenic cysts usually occur within the ___

Answer 26

Mediastinum or lung

Question 27

Do bronchogenic cysts show evidence of mediastinal shift or heart failure?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

What is pleural effusion?

Answer 28

Accumulation of fluid within pleural cavity that may appear as an isolated lesion or secondary to multiple fetal anomalies

Question 29

What is the most common reason for pleural effusion?

Answer 29

Chylothorax occurring as right-sided unilateral collection of fluid

Question 30

Is hydrothorax bilateral or unilateral?

Answer 30

Both

Question 31

Pleural effusions may occur in fetuses with ___

Answer 31

Chromosomal abnormalities Cardiac mass Lymphangiectasia

Question 32

Pleural fluid is rarely encountered before ___ weeks except in association with ___ or ___

Answer 32

15 weeks Down Turners

Question 33

Presence of pleural effusion may cause

Answer 33

Shift in mediastinal structures Compression of heart Inversion of diaphragm

Question 34

Prognosis of pleural effusion is poorer when associated with

Answer 34

Hydrops

Question 35

What is pulmonary sequestration?

Answer 35

Supernumerary lobe of the lung separated from the normal tracheobronchial tree

Question 36

Pulmonary sequestration develops from

Answer 36

Separate outpouching of foregut or separation of segment of developing lung

Question 37

In pulmonary sequestration, the extra lung tissue is functional r non?

Answer 37

Non functional

Question 38

Pulmonary sequestration usually occur where?

Answer 38

Lower lobe of lung

Question 39

W/ pulmonary sequestration, majority of extralobar defects occur on __ side

Answer 39

Left

Question 40

What is CCAM?

Answer 40

Multicystic mass within lung consisting of primitive lung tissue and abnormal bronchial structures

Question 41

CCAM lesion may involve

Answer 41

One of more lobes of lung Entire lung Or bilateral

Question 42

With CCAM does is communicate with the bronchial tree or not?

Answer 42

It may

Question 43

With CCAM, most lesions are uni or bilateral?

Answer 43

Unilateral and dont favor either lung

Question 44

CCAM type 1 is also called

Answer 44

Macrocystic