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OB > OB test 3 > Flashcards

OB test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major reason why fetuses younger than 24 weeks are generally considered non viable?

A

Pulmonary immaturity

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2
Q

Fluid in lungs at birth clears by what 3 routes?

A

Mouth and nose
Into pulmonary capillaries
Into lymphatic and pulmonary vessels

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3
Q

In a normal thoracic cavity, the ribs form the ___ margins, the clavicles form the ____ margins, and diaphragm forms ___ margins

A

Lateral
Upper
Lower

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4
Q

In the presence of oligohydramnios, what may result?

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia

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5
Q

Chest circumference is measured in __ plane at level of ____ view

A

Trans

4 chamber view of heart

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6
Q

A fetus with significant narrow diameter of chest may have ___

A

Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy

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7
Q

Central portion of thorax is occupied by the ____

A

Mediastinum

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8
Q

Apex of heart should be directed towards the ___

A

Spleen

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9
Q

Base of heart lies ___ to diaphragm

A

Horizontal

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10
Q

Abnormal position of heart may indicate ___

A

Chest mass
Pleural effusion
Cardiac malformation

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11
Q

Fetal lungs appear

A

Homogenous

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12
Q

Can US assess lung maturity?

A

No

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13
Q

As gestation increases, lung echogenicity ____

A

Increases

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14
Q

Fetal breathing becomes more prominent in what trimester?

A

2nd and 3rd

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15
Q

A mature fetus spend almost __ of its life breathing

A

1/3

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16
Q

When evaluating fetus for lung mass, sonographer should assess ___

A

Position of fetal heart
Orientation of cardiac axis
TC

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17
Q

Normal cardiac axis is at ___ degrees

A

45

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18
Q

Deviation of heart from normal axis suggests presence of

A

Intrathoracic mass

19
Q

Lungs will not grow or develop when ____ occurs

A

Oligo

20
Q

With a mass in thoracic cavity, heart and mediastinal structure may be ___ and lung may be ___

A

Displaced

Compressed

21
Q

Pulmonary hypoplasia is caused by increase in numbers of ___

A

Lung cells
Airways
Alveoli

22
Q

This type of abnormality results in lethal pulmonary hypoplasia

A

Kidney

23
Q

Methods used to determine presence of pulmonary hypoplasia

A 
Thoracic measurements
Lung measurements
Lung volume 
Doppler of pulmonary arteries 
Fetal breathing activity
24
Q

What is the most common lung cyst detected prenatally?

A

Bronchogenic cyst

25
Q

Bronchogenic cysts occurs as result of ____ and lack of communication with ___

A

Abnormal budding of foregut

Trachea or bronchial tree

26
Q

Bronchogenic cysts usually occur within the ___

A

Mediastinum or lung

27
Q

Do bronchogenic cysts show evidence of mediastinal shift or heart failure?

A

No

28
Q

What is pleural effusion?

A

Accumulation of fluid within pleural cavity that may appear as an isolated lesion or secondary to multiple fetal anomalies

29
Q

What is the most common reason for pleural effusion?

A

Chylothorax occurring as right-sided unilateral collection of fluid

30
Q

Is hydrothorax bilateral or unilateral?

A

Both

31
Q

Pleural effusions may occur in fetuses with ___

A

Chromosomal abnormalities
Cardiac mass
Lymphangiectasia

32
Q

Pleural fluid is rarely encountered before ___ weeks except in association with ___ or ___

A

15 weeks
Down
Turners

33
Q

Presence of pleural effusion may cause

A

Shift in mediastinal structures
Compression of heart
Inversion of diaphragm

34
Q

Prognosis of pleural effusion is poorer when associated with

A

Hydrops

35
Q

What is pulmonary sequestration?

A

Supernumerary lobe of the lung separated from the normal tracheobronchial tree

36
Q

Pulmonary sequestration develops from

A

Separate outpouching of foregut or separation of segment of developing lung

37
Q

In pulmonary sequestration, the extra lung tissue is functional r non?

A

Non functional

38
Q

Pulmonary sequestration usually occur where?

A

Lower lobe of lung

39
Q

W/ pulmonary sequestration, majority of extralobar defects occur on __ side

A

Left

40
Q

What is CCAM?

A

Multicystic mass within lung consisting of primitive lung tissue and abnormal bronchial structures

41
Q

CCAM lesion may involve

A

One of more lobes of lung
Entire lung
Or bilateral

42
Q

With CCAM does is communicate with the bronchial tree or not?

A

It may

43
Q

With CCAM, most lesions are uni or bilateral?

A

Unilateral and dont favor either lung

44
Q

CCAM type 1 is also called

A

Macrocystic

OB (1 decks)

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