Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OB/GYN > OB uworld > Flashcards

OB uworld Flashcards

(94 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How does obesity lead to increased estrogen

A

Adipose tissue converts androgens into estrogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is breast cancer associated with ovarian or endometrial cancer or both

A

Breast and ovarian cancer associated (BRCA), not endometrial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which female hormone increases risk and which decreases risk of endometrial cancer

A

Estrogen increases risk - proliferation

Progesterone decreases risk - differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does breast feeding cause contraception

A

Prolactin inhibitd GnRH release, so prevents FSH LH ovulation and menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What cancer drug causes endometrial huperproliferation and increased risk of endometrial cancer

A

Tamoxifen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Asherman syndrome
Etiology
Symptoms

A

Intrauterine adhesions eg from prior endometrial curettage

Amenorrhea and cyclic pelvic pain from obstruction of endometrial outflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When postpartum do b-hCG levels become undetectable

A

2-4 weeks postpartum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oral or intravaginal fluconazole for vaginal candidiasis?

A

Either works, oral usually preferred first line by patients, just easier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define adenomyosis

A

Endometrium growing in the myometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Symptoms pf bicornuate uterus

A

Usually asymptomatic, discovered incidentally during unrelated surgery

May cause pregnancy complications – IUGR or preterm delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treat PMS/PMDD in pt w migraines with aura

A

SSRI

OCPs contraindicated in migraines with aura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What phase of the menstrual cycle should symptoms arise in symptom diary to be consistent with PMS/PMDD

A

Luteal phase (1-2 weeks prior to menstruation, the phase when LH amd Progesterone are higher after ovulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Menopause is characterized by elevation in what hormone

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TF

BMI of 20 rules out functional hypothalamic amenorrhea as a cause of amenorrhea in a competitive athlete

A

False
RELATIVE caloric deficiency causes decreased GnRH and decreased FSH LH E P and sc such as breast atrophy, infertility, vaginal atrophy, osteoporosis – all the manifestations of estrogen deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mechanism of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea in a competitive athlete

A

RELATIVE caloric deficiency causes decreased GnRH and decreased FSH LH E P and sx such as breast atrophy, infertility, vaginal atrophy, osteoporosis – all the manifestations of estrogen deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Symptoms of androgenic steroid use in a female athlete

A

Virilization (male baldness, deep voice, big clit)
Hypertension
Aggressive behavior / Mood Disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pathophys of HELLP Syndrome

A

Abnormal placentation causing systemic inflammation and activation of the complement and coagulation cascades

MAHA microangiopathoc hemolytic anemia hurts the liverin particular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
Prolonged PT and PTT
Hypoglycemia
Encephalopathy
In 3rd trimester or early postpartum
Think...
A

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy – acute hepatic failure in 3rd trimester or early postpartum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treat HELLP syndrome

A

Antihypertensive med and/or mag for seizure prophylaxis

Then deliver baby when mom stabilized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When to consider transfusion for HELLP Syndrome

A

Preop before cesarean if plt v40,000/mm^3

Prophylactically if plt v 20,000/mm^3

Otherwise delivery of baby spontaneously resolves HELLP

so standard tx is Antihypertensive med and/or Mag for seizure prophylaxis, then Deliver baby when mom stabilized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bartholin duct cyst
Typical age
Pathophys

A

Common v30yo

Duct obstruction by dried mucoid glandular secretions, trauma, or idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Condyloma accuminata
Derm description
Pathogen

A

Exophytoc or sessile vulvar growths that may be solitary or multiple

HPV 6 and 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gartner duct cysts
Number, Location
Pathophys

A

Single or multiple submucosal along upper anterior vagina

Incomplete regression of Wolffian duct during development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Most common symptom of vulvar swuamous cell carcinoma

A

Pruritus, long-standing vulvar pruritus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Treat bartholin cyst
Observation if asymptomatic.. may regress spontaneously I and D if symptomatic or abscess, can place Word catheter to prevent recurrence
26
How do renal function and renal bmp labs change during pregnancy
inc RBF and GFR and protein excretion so dec BUN and Cr
27
TF | Cr 1.2 mg/dl is normal in pregnancy
F Normal in non-pregnant Renal insufficiency in pregnant (GFR should ^^)
28
Mechanism of hypercoagulability in pregnancy
Dec protein S Protein C resistance Inc fibrinogen
29
TF | Urine dipstick +1 for protein is normal in pregnancy
T
30
HPV testing is recommended when _____ is identified on pap
HPV testing is recommended when ASCUS is identified on pap
31
Cerical cancer screening guidelines
v21 pap only if immunocompromised 21-30 pap q3 30-65 pap + hpv testing q5, or pap q3 65+ stop screening if prior screens negative for 10 years and most recent within 5 years
32
TF | Oophorectomy for an ovarian teratoma
F Just cystectomy usually -- young girls, benign mass, high risk of contralateral recurrence, don't start taking ovaries out, just get the mass
33
BRCA1/2 increases risk for
All GYN cancers -- breast ovarian uterine
34
Paclitaxel chemo for what kind of ovarian cancer
Dysgerminoma Very sensitive to chemo, like seminoma in testicular cancer
35
Rokitansky nodule
Mural nodule in a benign ovarian teratoma / dermoid cyst
36
Mural nodule in a benign ovarian teratoma / dermoid cyst
Rokitansky nodule
37
Manage BRCA1/2+ pt with no signs of cancer yet (ca125 neg, mammo neg, tvus neg)
Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy at any age, if not willing then Tamoxifen chemoprevention, if not willing then semiannual screening with MRI and Mammo TAH+BSO at 35yo, semiannual TVUS and CA-125 till then
38
Which ovarian cancers are hormone-secreting and what are their demographics
Granulosa-Theca cell tumor -- child precocious puberty Serous cystadenocarcinoma -- old lady
39
TF | Ovarian germ cell tumors secrete hormones
F Stromal Granulosa-Theca cell tumors do And Epithelial Serous CystAdenoCarcinomas do
40
What is the tumor marker for ovarian dysgerminoma
LDH
41
TF | CA-125 is the tumor marker for ovarian dysgerminoma
F | LDH is the tumor marker for dysgerminoma
42
Add tumor to tumor marker: ``` LDH CA-125 CA19-9 bHCG AFP ```
LDH - ovarian dysgerminoma CA-125 - epithelial ovarian cancers, colon cancer CA19-9 - pancreatic cancer bHCG - choriocarcinoma, molar pregnancy AFP - yolk sac tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma
43
The Only tumor marker that Can be used diagnostically
AFP | eg characteristic lesion on ultrasound or triple phase CT and elevated AFP is HCC without need for biopsy
44
Treat condyloma acuminata
Imiquimod and cryotherapy
45
What cancer was caused by in utero DES exposure?
Vaginal Adenocarcinoma
46
TF | DES exposure in utero is a risk factor for Endometrial cancer
F | DES in utero raises risk of Vaginal Adenocarcinoma
47
What does vulvar squamous cell carcinoma look like Is it caused by HPV What other cancer can it be confused with
Pruritic, darkly pigmented Not caused by HPV (that's vaginal amd cervical SCC) Can be confused with vulvar Melanoma
48
The more times a woman ____, the more likely she is to get ovarian adenocarcinoma
The more times a woman Ovulates, the more likely she is to get ovarian adenocarcinoma
49
TF | Basal cell carcinoma of the vagina is common
F Think more face and sun exposed areas for BCC Vaginal cancers are pretty confined to SCC Melanoma and Pagets
50
3 forms of vulvar cancer
SCC Melanoma and Pagets
51
Itchy black lesion on vulva Next step What cancers are you looking for
Biopsy | diff SCC from Melanoma
52
teardrop shaped growths at vestibule of vulva turn white with acetic acid application Dx Pathogen Tx
Condyloma accuminata from HPV Imiquimod, podophylin, or trichloroacetic acid if they are small Excision or fulgerationif they are large
53
What vulvar lesion do you treat with wide incision and resection
Invasive Melanoma
54
``` Itchy porcelain white atrophic thin skinned vulvar macules or patches Dx Pathophys Next step What must be ruled out How can it progress over time ```
Lichen sclerosis Chronic inflammation Punch biopsy to rule out SCC With excoriations can erode minora clit and introitus, thicken, constrict, cause dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea
55
4 things that make MTX a good option for extopic treatment
v3cm bHCG quant v8,000 Not taking Folate No Fetal Heart Tone
56
Management options and indications for retained fetal parts in seting of spontaneous abortion
Expectant management if inevitable or incomplete abortion (admit, IVMF, determine RhD status, monitor for signs of sepsis or hemorrhage, wait for parts to pass) D and C for missed abortion v24 weeks Induced delivery for missed abortion ^24 weeks
57
What os a "shock index"
HR greater than SBP
58
Acute abdomen with peritoneal signs, intraperitoneal fluid on FAST, hemodynamic instability Transfuse before ex lap?
No Not going to admit to floor, prder blood, wait for type/cross, thaw blood product, wait for CBC after transfusion You are going to take to OR for ex lap and get iv access and start fluids and get the transfusion process going as you operate
59
TF | Ripening but closed os with dead fetus counts as an inevitable abortion
T
60
Abx for tuboovarian abscess
IV cefoxitin and PO or IV Doxycycline IV cefotetan and PO or IV Doxycycline IV gent and clinda IV azythro? +\- metronidazole
61
Which is more important in inpatient infection management, source control or antibiotics?
Antibiotics | The sooner they are started, the better the outcome
62
White coat htn is unlikely if diastolic is ^ _____
^105
63
Fetal hydantoin syndrome | Drugs that cause
Phenytoin, carbamazepine, other anticonvulsants
64
Early signs of congenital syphillis Later signs of congenital syphillis
Snuffles (rhinitis) Hepatomegaly Skin lesions ``` Hutchinson teeth Saddle nose Saber shins Deaf Interstitial keratitis ```
65
When is D and E vs induced vaginal delivery recommended for intrauterine fetal demise
20-23 wks can do either 24 wks or more, induce vaginal delivery
66
3 things that ^ maternal serum AFP 1 thing that v
^ abdominal wall defect, neural tube defect, multiple gestation v aneuploides (18, 21)
67
TF | Alcohol is a risk cor breast cancer
T
68
What kinds of cancer diagnoses indicate brca testing
Breast cancer v50yo | Ovarian cancer any age
69
TF | OCPs decrease breast cancer risk
F No effect on breast cancer Decrease ovarian cancer risk (less ovulation)
70
Adverse effects oxytocin
Water retension, Hyponatremia, Seizures (adh-like effect with prolongued administration) Hypotension Tachysystole
71
Normal Mg level Therapeutic ramge for preeclampsia
1.5-2 normal 5-8 therapeutic
72
Gastroschisis is associated with forst trimester use of _____
NSAIDS
73
4 contributing factors to pathophys of pulmonary edema in preeclampsia/eclampsia
- vasospasm, increased afterload, back up into lungs - increased vascular permeability - decreased albumin / intravascular oncotic pressure - decreased renal function
74
4 contributing factors to pathophys of pulmonary edema in preeclampsia/eclampsia
- vasospasm, increased afterload, back up into lungs - increased vascular permeability - decreased albumin / intravascular oncotic pressure - decreased renal function
75
Manage pulmonary edema in preeclampsia/ eclampsia
Supplemental oxygen Fluid restriction and diuresis very cautiously amd sparingly because intracascular volume depleted from third spacing
76
First line mgmgt for restoration of ovulatory cycle in pcos
Weight loss Then OCPs
77
Premature ovarian failure often concomitant with a ______ disorder
Autoimmune disorder
78
Delivery is indicated for PPROM at what gestational age
34 weeks
79
Cause of paget disease of the nipple
We think migration of breast cancer (Adenocarcinoma most common in pagets and breast cancer in general) down ducts to nipple surface
80
TF | Pts w functional hypothalamic amenorrhea get hot flashes and night sweats
F No vasomotor symptoms But decreased estrogen (Primary ovarian insufficiency may get hot flashes...)
81
Diagnose and treat antiphospholipid syndrome Pathophys
Hypercoagulability eg tia dvt stroke Or Recurrent miscarriages, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia ``` And 1 or more positive -anti-cardiolipin antibody -lupus anticoagulant -anti-beta2 glycoprotein antibody ``` Treat by anticoagulating - heparin, warfarin AI antibodies against membrane phospholipids
82
How does antiphospholipid syndrome cause recurrent miscarriages
Placental thrombosis
83
TF | Subserosal fibroid is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss
F | Too far from cavity
84
TF | Uncontrolled hyper or hypothyroidism can cause recurrent pregnancy loss
T... but more often causes menstrual irregularities and infertility
85
How does hemorrhagoc shock redistribute blood relative to the uterus
Toward brain heart lungs kidneys... so away from uterus
86
Kleihauer-Betke test is used to
Determine amount antiRhD immunoglobulin to give to Rh negative mother of Rh+ fetus
87
``` Pseudocyesis Define Pathophys Presentation Treatment ```
Define Pathophys Presentation Treatment
88
Erb-Duchenne vs Klumpke palsy Aka Nerves involved
Waiter's tip vs Claw hand | C5-6 vs C8-T1
89
Normal contracted fundal hight on postpartum physical
1-2cm above or below umbilicus
90
What is vulvar paget disease How is it different from breast paget disease How do you diagnose it How do you treat it
Intraepithelial adenocarcenoma that has an erythematous eczematous appearance and intense pruritus Not different from breast, just not in the breast Dx with biopsy Tx with local resection
91
Forst trimester combined test analyzes risk of ________ by measuring ________ Is it screening or diagnlstic?
Forst trimester combined test analyzes risk of ________ by measuring ________ Is it screening or diagnlstic?
92
Synovial fluid leukocyte count in prosthetic joint infection
^1 but often less than 50 like in septic native joints
93
Tome to onset of prosthetic joint infection implicates which bugs accordingly
v3 months postop — suspect birulent organisms like staph aureus amd pseudomonas
94
Pick new antidepressant for pt failed trial of 2 ssris with weigt gain and sleeping a lot
Buproprion ndri promotes weigjt loss and

OB/GYN (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions