OB12- Swallowing

Question 1

how often do we swallow?

Answer 1

500- 2500 times per day

Question 2

What is the anterior oral seal?

Answer 2

lips

Question 3

what is the posterior oral seal?

Answer 3

tongue & soft palate

Question 4

what are the three phases of a ‘command’ swallow?

Answer 4

1. oral
2. pharyngeal
3. oesophageal

Question 5

what kind of swallowing applies to liquids?

Answer 5

‘command swallow’

Question 6

describe the position of the tongue, soft palate and airway during the oral phase of command swallow

Answer 6

The tongue, soft palate and the larynx are raised

Question 7

Describe the pharyngeal phase of command swallow

Answer 7

• tongue is backwards
• pharyngeal constrictors squeeze
• upper oesophagus sphincter opens
• epiglottis down
• vocal cords close

Question 8

describe the Oesophageal phase for command swallowing

Answer 8

• primary peristalsis moves bolus
• lower oesophageal sphincter opens
• secondary peristalsis
• sphincters close
• airways re-open and breathing resumes

Question 9

what is peristalsis?

Answer 9

unidirectional wave of muscle contraction in a tubular organ which is powerful and gravity assisted

Question 10

what is the difference between contraction in oesophagus and intestine?

Answer 10

in oesophagus only wave of contraction behind

in intestine wave of contraction behind and wave of relaxation in front of bolus

Question 11

Name the phases of swallowing solid food

Answer 11

• preparatory phase
• pharyngeal phase
• oesophageal phase

Question 12

Where is liquid swallowed from?

Answer 12

mouth

Question 13

Where are solids swallowed from?

Answer 13

Mouth and or oro/pharynx

Question 14

Describe adult swallowing

Answer 14

• teeth together
• jaw/ tongue stabilised by jaw closing muscles
• tip of tongue stable behind incisions

Question 15

Describe infant swallowing

Answer 15

• gums apart

- jaw/ tongue stabilised by facial muscles

Question 16

What kind of muscle in swallowing is involved in motor neurone control?

Answer 16

mainly skeletal muscle

Question 17

What kind of muscle in swallowing is involved in autonomic control?

Answer 17

Some smooth muscle

Question 18

What sensory nerves are involved in reflex swallowing

Answer 18

• mechanoreceptors
• epiglottis
• chemoreceptors

Question 19

What determines whether stimuli are for swallowing or gagging? It then produces one response and surpasses the other

Answer 19

CNS

Question 20

describe the prepatory stage in swallowing of solids?

Answer 20

• food is broken down
• stage II transport occurs
• food accumulates at posterior of tongue