Obedience

Question 1

Obedience

Answer 1

compliance with an order, request, or law. Or a submission to another’s authority

Question 2

Explanations for obedeince

Answer 2

Legitimacy of authority and agentic state

Question 3

Agentic State

Answer 3

See yourself as agent for carrying out other persons wishes
- feels no personal responsibility for their actions

Question 4

Autonomous State

Answer 4

Behaves according to their principles and feels responsible for their actions

Question 5

Agentic Shift

Answer 5

From an autonomous state to an agentic state when you see someone else as an authority figure who has power due to their position in the social hierarchy

Question 6

Binding factors

Answer 6

aspects of a situation that allow the person to ignore or minimise the damaging effect of their behaviour and reduce the moral strain they feel

Question 7

Binding factors in Milgram’s experiment

Answer 7

when a confederate gives the electric shock

Question 8

Agentic State - AO3 Mandel

Answer 8

Police obeyed order to shoot civilians in small Polish town despite being told they could be assigned to other duties if preffered
- not in agentic state

Question 9

Agentic State + AO3 Milgram

Answer 9

Milgram = ppts with confederate who gives shocks -> 92% obedience

Question 10

Legitimacy of authority

Answer 10

Society is structured as a hierarchy and people have certain positions which hold authority over the rest of us

Question 11

How have authorities been made legitimate?

Answer 11

It is agreed by society. Most accept that authority figures should exercise social power over others to allow society to function smoothly

Question 12

Why do we obey authority figures?

Answer 12

People with legitimate authority have the power to punish others.

Question 13

When do we learn to accept authority?

Answer 13

During childhood; parents, teachers

Question 14

Some use legitimate authority for destructive purposes

Answer 14

Some leaders use legitimate authority destructively, ordering people to behave in cruel and dangerous ways

Question 15

Legitimacy of Authority AO3 -

Answer 15

Imposed etic
- not all cultures have same hierarchical structure

Question 16

Legitimacy of Authority + AO3

Answer 16

Milgram = moved to run down office -> 48% go to 450V so conformity decreased

Question 17

Legitimacy of Authority AO3 + Hofling et al

Answer 17

Nurses telephones and told to give dangerous dose of drug by a doctor (someone of authority to them) - 95% did

Question 18

Milgram Sample

Answer 18

Volunteer of 40 males

Question 19

Milgram Method

Answer 19

• rigged hat = confederates is learner and ppt as teacher
• ppts gives a series of word pairs and if confederate gets wrong, ppt gives them an electric shock

Question 20

Milgram Shock Levels

Answer 20

from 15V to 450V and went up in 15V increments

Question 21

Milgram: what happens at 300V

Answer 21

Learner falls silent

Question 22

How was Milgram’s experiment standardised

Answer 22

The confederates ‘noises’ as a response to the shocks were prerecorded

Question 23

Milgram: How many ppts went to 450V?

Answer 23

65%

Question 24

Milgram: How many ppts stopped at 300V?

Answer 24

12.5%

Question 25

Milgram Conclusion

Answer 25

Obey acts of evil not due to an evil disposition but a result of situational factors

Question 26

Milgram variation: less responsibility

Answer 26

Another confederate gives shocks 92% go to 450V

Question 27

Milgram variation: Ally

Answer 27

Ally disagrees with experimenter 10% go to 450V

Question 28

Milgram variation: Setting

Answer 28

Less presitigious setting of a run down office block 48% go to 450V

Question 29

Milgram Variation: experimenter in everyday clothes

Answer 29

20% go to 450V

Question 30

Milgram Variations: Absent experimenter

Answer 30

21% go to 450V

Question 31

Milgram Variation: Learner in the same room

Answer 31

40% go to 450V

Question 32

Milgram + AO3

Answer 32

+Hofling et al = nurses phoned and asked to give dangerous does of drug 95% did (- Jacobson = drug was unknown = repeated with valium and 11% did) +Le Jeu de la Mort = french gameshow replicated non-academic version 80% ppts went to 450v on unconscious man

Question 33

Milgram - AO3

Answer 33

Orner and Holland = ppts acting as knew it it wouldn't have been allowed as unsafe (- Perry = ppts shown in tapes to doubt if it were real)

Question 34

Who came up with the idea of Authoritarian personalities?

Answer 34

Adorno et al

Question 35

What does an authoritarian personality predispose you to?

Answer 35

Prejudice

Question 36

How do you test for an authoritarian personality?

Answer 36

F-scale

Question 37

Evidence for the authoritarian personality came from

Answer 37

case study interviews and the F-scale

Question 38

Aetiology of an authoritarian personality

Answer 38

strict upbringing which results in you being a critical and harsh parent (Bowlby's internal working model)

Question 39

Characteristics of an authoritarian personality

Answer 39

- obedience to authority - dogmatic - conservative attitudes - ethnocentric

Question 40

Adorno et al Study

Answer 40

investigated unconscious attitudes towards other racial groups of more than 2000 middle class white americans

Question 41

Adorno et al study procedure

Answer 41

Ppts given F-scale and would rate statements from 1 to 6 on how much they agree with them

Question 42

Adorno et al study findings

Answer 42

AP identified with strong people who were contempuous of the weak and show excessive respect and defence for those of a higher status

Question 43

AP - AO3

Answer 43

-low internal validity = obedience could be situational -correlation does not equal causation = could be poor education -self-report

Question 44

AP + AO3

Answer 44

Milgram + Elms = 40ppts from Milgram's study complete F-scale = obedient ppts scored highly and had close relationship to father, opposite for disobedient ppts