Obesity Flashcards
(24 cards)
What can cause nutritional problems?
Any change in nutrient intake or use.
Nutritional problems can arise from deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances of essential nutrients.
What is the importance of nutrition?
Important for energy, growth, and maintaining and repairing body tissues.
Optimal nutrition is achieved through a balanced diet.
What are the major components of nutrition?
Basic Food Groups:
* Macronutrients: carbohydrates, fats, protein
* Micronutrients: vitamins, minerals, electrolytes
* Water
Each component plays a crucial role in overall health.
Define malnutrition.
A deficit, excess, or imbalance of essential nutrients.
Malnutrition can occur in various forms, including undernutrition and overnutrition.
What is the prevalence of malnutrition in hospital settings?
30-50%.
Malnutrition is a common consequence of illness, surgery, injury, or hospitalization.
What is metabolic syndrome?
A group of metabolic risk factors that increase a person’s chance of developing CVD, stroke, and diabetes.
Key features include insulin resistance and clinical manifestations like impaired fasting BG, HTN, and abnormal cholesterol levels.
What is obesity?
An excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue.
It is a major risk factor for leading causes of death and must be treated as a chronic disease.
How does obesity affect social aspects?
Huge effect on social and psychological stigma.
Obesity in adulthood often begins in childhood or adolescence.
What are the two types of cellular changes associated with obesity?
Hyperplasia (increase in the number of adipocytes) and hypertrophy (increase in their size).
Both contribute to the development of obesity.
What are the diagnostic methods for obesity?
Methods include:
* Height-weight chart
* Waist-to-hip ratio
* Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI is calculated as weight (kg)/Height (m²).
What defines morbid obesity?
BMI above 40; 100 lb overweight for men and about 80 lb for women.
Morbid obesity poses significant health risks.
What are the main treatments for obesity?
Dietary control and exercise.
Other treatments may include medications and behavioral strategies.
What should be included in a general health assessment for obesity?
Teaching stress reduction and coping strategies.
This assessment helps in identifying contributing factors to obesity.
What are some nursing diagnoses related to obesity?
Common diagnoses include:
* Obesity
* Activity Intolerance
* Impaired Physical Mobility
* Disturbed Body Image
* Imbalance Nutrition: More than body requirement
Each diagnosis requires tailored care plans.
What should be included in the planning phase for obesity management?
Modify eating patterns and activity program.
Goals include achieving and maintaining weight loss and preventing health problems.
What is a key component of nursing implementation for obesity?
Encourage patient to keep an eating and exercise diary.
This helps track progress and identify patterns.
What is the focus of evaluation in obesity management?
The patient maintains progressive weight loss to specified weight goal and safely progresses.
Regular follow-ups are essential to assess progress.
What are the types of bariatric surgery?
Types include:
* Restrictive Surgeries
* Adjustable Gastric Banding
* Sleeve Gastrectomy (Gastric Sleeve)
* Gastric Plication
* Intragastric Balloons
* Gastric Bypass
Each type has different mechanisms and outcomes.
What does gastric banding involve?
An inflatable silicone band placed around the upper portion of the stomach.
This restricts food intake and promotes weight loss.
How does gastric plication work?
Folds the stomach inwardly, and sutures hold the folds in place.
This reduces stomach volume without removing any portion.
What is the purpose of gastric sleeve surgery?
Reduces the stomach’s volume and limits food intake at one time.
It effectively helps in weight management.
What is gastric bypass surgery?
Roux-en-Y; reduces stomach size and bypasses some of the small intestines.
This can be done as an open or laparoscopic surgery.
What are some complications of bariatric surgery?
Complications include:
* Vomiting
* Band slippage
* Intestinal leakage
* Dumping Syndrome
* Pulmonary dysfunction
* Thrombus formation
Understanding potential complications is crucial for patient care.
What are key postoperative care steps after bariatric surgery?
Key steps include:
* Keep the head elevated
* Initiate clear fluids
* Avoid sugar
* Limit calorie intake to 300-600 calories per day for the first 2 months
* Provide resources and group support
Postoperative care is critical for recovery and success.
