Obesity Flashcards
(24 cards)
Obesity increases risk for?
Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, HT, cancer, arthritis, dyslipidemias, gallstones, gout, urinary incontinence, fatty liver disease, sleep apnea
-stronger associations <55 yo (younger obesity, stronger correlation)
How is BMI calculated?
Weight (kg)/Height (m^2)
What is a healthy BMI?
18.5-24.9
What is an overweight BMI?
25-29.9
2/3 of americans
What is an obese BMI?
> =30
What is a morbidly obese BMI?
> =40 (or 100 lbs overweight)
Which is worse: apple (android) or pear (gynoid)?
Apple (upper body obesity)
Which is worse: subcutaneous or visceral fat
Visceral (fat around organs)
What is characteristic of gluteal-femoral (lower body) subcutaneous adipocytes?
- Larger
- Very efficient at TAG deposition
- Mobilize FAs more slowly (pro-inflammatory so good that it is slow)
What is characteristic of visceral adipocytes?
Most metabolically active
What 2 hormones are important for endocrine fx of adipose tissue?
1) Leptin
2) Adiponectin
What does leptin do and where is it made?
Regulates appetite
- Made by adipose tissue
- Levels increases w/ body weight
What does adiponectin do?
Reduces levels of FFAs in blood
- Levels decrease as body weight increases
- Improves lipid profiles, increased insulin sensitivity -> better glycemic control, reduced inflammation
What happens in weight loss?
Fat cell size reduced, number not affected
-Easier to gain weight if you were once overweight
What are adipocytes good at?
Expanding, 2-3x
What does prolonged overnutrition lead to?
Pre-adipocytes proliferate -> further weight gain
What can obese adipocytes have?
5x normal fat cell numbers
What happens to excess FAs in obesity?
Spill over into other tissues -> “ectopic fat” (associated w/ insulin resistance)
What genetic contribution is there to obesity?
Weight is stable
-biologically predetermined “set point”
In adopted children what is their weight correlated with?
Biologic rather than adoptive parents
What environmental/behavioral contributions are there?
Energy-dense foods, sedentary lifestyles, eating behaviors
What is metabolic syndrome?
Abdominal obesity associated w/ cluster of metabolic abnormalities
How does metabolic syndrome affects inflammatory sx?
Low-grade, chronic systemic inflammation -> pathogenesis of insulin resistance/atherosclerosis
-Adipocytes release proinflammatory IL-6
What are some of the metabolic abnormalities?
Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia (low levels of HDL and elevated TAGs), hypertension
