Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clin Med II Final > Obesity > Flashcards

Obesity Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

BMI

A

describes body weight relative to heigh; best estimate to determine: underweight, healthy, overweight or obese

strongly correlated w/ total body fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Calculation of BMI

A

BMI = Weight (kg) / height (m^2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Overweight BMI

A

25-29.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Obesity class I

A

30-34.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Obesity class II

A

35-39.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Obesity class III

A

> 40 (severe obesity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Measurements for check up

A 
BMI
Waist circumference (if BMI b/w 25-35)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Increased risk for weigh circumference

A

> 40 for men

>35 for women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

risk of weight circumference

A

abdominal obesity increases cardiometabolic risk (CAD, DM, HTN, HLD, NAFLD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ethnic variability for waist circumference

A

35.4 male
31.5 female
for ASIANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cancers associated w/ obesity

A

endometrial
kidney
breast
color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how to lose 1-2 lbs per week

A

create 500-1000 calorie per day deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Eval for obesity

A 
hx and PE
fasting glucose and/or HbA1C
TSH
liver enzymes
fasting lipids
sleep apnea?
meds?
recent smoking cessation?
CV risk factors?
OA?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Old food pyramid

A 
bread/cereal/rice/past: 6-11 servings
fruit- 2-4
veggies 3-5
meat/nuts/eggs: 2-3
Milk/yogurt/cheese: 2-3
Fats/oils/sweets: sparingly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

New pyramid

A

includes exercise
limit oils/saturated fats, trans fats, sodium
low added sugar
more individualized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MyPlate

A

fruits, grains, veggies, protein, dairy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

diets for weight loss and DM and CAD protection

A

DASH

Mediterranean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

DASH diet

A

emphasis: veggies, fruit, low-fat dairy
Moderate: whole grains, fish, poultry, nuts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mediterranean diet

A

mainly plant based: fruits, veggies, whole-grain breads, cereals, beans, nuts, seeds
Principle source of fat: olive pil
Fish, poultry. limit red meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T II DM diets

A

DASH, mediterranean, carb counting, limit sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CVD diets

Study These Flashcards
A

Dash, low Na, mediterranean

22
Q

Kidney disease

Study These Flashcards
A

DASH, renal diet

23
Q

Celiac disease

Study These Flashcards
A

gluten free diet

24
Q

Benefits of physical acivity

Study These Flashcards
A

reduced risk of cancer
brain health
reduced risk of falls
improved quality of life

Immediate: reduced feelings of anxiety and BP, improved sleep, cognitive function, insulin sensitivity

Long term: cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, decreased depression, sustained reduction in BP

25
Screening for obesity
screen ALL adults | BMI >30: refer for intensive, multicomponent behavioral intervention (2 x month for >3 months, 12-36 sessions a year)
26
How often should you do behavioral intervention?
2 x/month for >3 mo | 12-26 x a year
27
Counseling 5 A's
ask/address: weight, nutrition, exercise; address BMI and weight circumference advise: provide clear, strong advice assess: assess readiness to change (motivation, past experiences) Assist: provide brief counseling or self help material; referral/resources Arrange: follow up (call in 2 wks, f/u in 4)
28
Goal of obesity tx
prevent, treat or reverse the complications of obesity
29
Who is a candidate for weight loss intervention
BMI >25
30
Tx based on risk
low risk (25-29.9) (w/ no CVD RF or other comorbidities: diet/exercise Mod risk (25-29.9 AND >1CVD RF or BMI 30-34.9) - intensive, multicomponent behavioral mod (diet/exercise and maintain weight loss) and SOME...drugs High risk (35-40) and VERY HIGH RISK (BMI >40): behavioral mod and consider drug tx, bariatric surgery
31
When to consider drug therapy
BMI >30 or >27 w/ comorbidities comprehensive lifestyle program is always 1st line! - if weight loss <5% in 3-6 months consider drugs
32
Goals of drug therapy
reduce weight (4-8% in 6-12 mos) improve health minimize adverse effects
33
Obesity drugs
``` Orlistat Liraglutide Lorcaserin Phentermine/topiramate Phentermine ```
34
Orlistat
alters fat digestion by inhibiting pancreatic lipases SE: increased fat in stool, may decrease absorption of fat soluble (ADEK) vitamins -- MV; "unpleasant" GI effects
35
Liraglutide
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Daily SQ injection SE: N/V (common) * common choice in Type 2 DM
36
Lorcaserin
serotonin agonist decreases appetite limited safety data
37
Phentermine/topiramate
not in pts w/ HTN, CAD, hyperthyroidism
38
Phentermine
sympathomimetic not in HTN, CAD, hyperthyroidism only short term use (12 weeks) More SEs. Potential for abuse
39
Most widely prescribed drug
Phentermine
40
Monitoring for drug therapy
weight, BP, HR and SE's - weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly for next 3-4 months monitors SE: hypoglycemia, neuropsych (lorcaserine, phetermine-topiramate)
41
When to d/c drugs
if 4-5% weight loss not obtained after 3 months -- switch meds?
42
Therapies NOT recommended
ingredients | Garicinia/Hydroxycitric (HCA) -- hepatitis, mania, rhabdo, serotonin syndrome
43
When to consider bariatric surgery
BMI >40 BMI 35-39.9 + >1 serious comorbidity BMI 30-34.9 + difficult to control type 2 DM or metabolic syndrome
44
Weight loss before surgery
loss of 8% of excess body weight prior to surgery leads to greater weight loss post op
45
Contraindications for bariatric surgery
``` eating disorder untreated mental illness drug or ETOH abuse Coagulopathy severe cardiac disease inability to comply w/ lifelong dietary requirements ```
46
How does bariatric surgery effect weight loss
restriction - reduce stomach capacity malabsorption some decrease appetite and improve metabolism by changing hormone release
47
Types of bariatric surgery
sleeve gastrectomy - less capacity, less ghrelin adjustable gastric band - rarely performed; saline injected to constrict Roux-en-Y Gastric bypass: fullness after consuming small amount- decreased appetite and improved metabolism (changes hormone release)
48
Physical activity vital sign
1. how many days/week (>brisk walk) 2. How many minutes on those days? GOOD: 150-300 min/wk
49
Physical activity guidelines
``` 150-300 min/wk of moderate intensity OR 75-150 min/wk of vigorous intensity PLUS Muscle strengthening >2day/week ```
50
Exercise prescription
``` FITT: Frequency: >5days/week Intensity: moderate to vigorous Time: >30 min Type: walking is great for previously sedentary pt ```
51
How to determine exercise intensity
"talk test" moderate- can talk but not sing (brisk walk, raking yard) vigorous- can't say more than a few words w/o pausing to breath (running, fitness class)

Clin Med II Final (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions