Obesity and Nutritional Management

Question 1

Why do we care about overweight dogs

Answer 1

-Insulin resistance
-Hip dysplasia
-Osteoarthritis
-Cardiovascular changes
-Reduced lifespan
-Renal pathology

Question 2

Why do we care about overweight cats

Answer 2

-Insulin resistance
-Diabetes mellitus
-Lameness
-Dermatopathy
-Oral disease
-Lower urinary tract disease
-CV changes
-Reduced lifespan

Question 3

T/F: obesity can decrease quality and quantity of a pet’s life

Answer 3

true

Question 4

Excess adipose tissue causes what

Answer 4

alterations in hormones and increases of inflammatory cytokines and appetite control

Question 5

What happens with excess fat mass

Answer 5

Leptin resistance (brain only receives part of signal)

Response: increased appetite, decreased metabolism, weight gain
increased risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes

Question 6

What happens with reduced fat mass

Answer 6

Reduced leptin signal

response: body in starvation mode: increased appetite, decreased metaboplism

Question 7

What happens with normal fat mass

Answer 7

normal leptin signal, brain acts on signal

response: normal appetite, increased metabolism, weight normal

Question 8

What is the prevalence of obestiy

Answer 8

Dogs: 53.8%

Cats: 58.2%

Question 9

Does muscle or adipose tissue use more energy

Answer 9

Muscle

Question 10

Does muscle or adipose tissue release more energy

Answer 10

Adipose tissue

Question 11

Can muscle or adipose tissue maintain blood glucose levels

Answer 11

Muscle- gluconeogenesis from amino acids

Question 12

What is the only way fatty acids can be converted to glucose

Answer 12

odd chain fatty acids able to enter gluconeogenesis

Question 13

What are steps to a diet plan

Answer 13

1) Partnership with owner
2) Nutritional assessment (determine current diet with treats, adequacy of diet)
3) PE- assess BCS or BFI, estimate ideal weight
4) Calculate energy requirements
5) Compare current intake with RER and determine calories to be fed
5) Diet selection- adequate protein?
6) Follow up every 2 weeks

Question 14

With a diet plan, how often should you follow up

Answer 14

every 2 weeks

Question 15

What is the ideal BCS for dog

Answer 15

4 or 5

Question 16

What is the ideal BCS in a cat

Answer 16

5

Question 17

What percent overweight if a dog is BCS 9

Answer 17

40% overweight

Question 18

What is limitation of BCS if overweight

Answer 18

BCS 9/9 is 40-45% BF and 40% overweight

if >9 then they can be >40% overweight

Question 19

How do you estimate ideal weight ***

Answer 19

Divide current weight by the percentage they are of their ideal weight

ex: if a dog is 40% overweight they are 140% of their ideal weight

50kg dog 40% overweight
50/1.4 = 36kg (just an estimate)

Question 20

How do you calculate resting energy requirement

Answer 20

(BWkg)^0.75 x 70

calculate 80% of RER

Question 21

How do you determine caloric intake

Answer 21

1) Determine current daily caloric intake
2) Calculate recommended calories (RER)
3) Determine daily protein requirement
4) Select diet- include treats if necessary
5) Ensure diet will meet protein requirements

Question 22

How do you calculate MER

Answer 22

RER x 0.8-1 (dogs)
RER x 0.8 (cats)

Question 23

What are the 3 ways to approach how many calories to feed

Answer 23

1) 20% less of current intake
2) Calculate calories using current weight
3) Calculate calories using ideal weight

Question 24

When amount fed is reduced, what is reduced

Answer 24

calories and nutrients

Question 25

What nutrients are of concern when cats are fed a weight loss diet

Answer 25

Choline Arginine

Question 26

What nutrients are concerning when dogs are fed a weight loss diet

Answer 26

Methionine and cysteine Tryptophan Total fat Magnesium Potassium Choline Selenium

Question 27

grams of a nutrient per 100 grams of food on an as fed basis

Answer 27

as fed percent

Question 28

grams of a nutrient per 100 grams of food on a dry matter basis

Answer 28

dry matter percent

Question 29

gram of nutrient per 100kcal or 1000kcal

Answer 29

calorie content basis

Question 30

percent of calories coming from protein, fat and carbohydrate

Answer 30

percent metabolizable energy

Question 31

How do you determine the grams of nutrient per 1000kcal

Answer 31

(Nutrient on GA / kcal per kg) x 10,000 = grams of nutrient per 1000kcal

Question 32

In the guaranteed analysis there is 23% protein caloric content is 3,561 kcal/kg. Determine how many grams of protein per 1000kcal

Answer 32

(Nutrient on GA / kcal per kg) x 10,000 = grams of nutrient per 1000kcal (23 / 3561 kcal) x 10,000 - 65 grams protein per 1000kcal or 6.5 grams per 100 kcal example if the dog is consuming 780kcal per day then they are getting 50.7 grams of protein per day

Question 33

Choline restricted diet can lead to

Answer 33

increased fatty acid deposition in the liver can lead to hepatic lipidosis

Question 34

How do you calculate how much protein a dog needs

Answer 34

RA for protein: kg^0.75 x 3.28 grams ex: 64kg dog 64^0.75 x 3.28 = 74 grams

Question 35

How do you calculate how much protein a cat needs

Answer 35

RA for protein: kg^0.67 x 4.96 grams

Question 36

Treat should not exceed

Answer 36

5-10% of the daily caloric intake

Question 37

For obesity management, what is the goal

Answer 37

0.5% -2% of body weight lost per week evaluate every two weeks until weight loss is established then every 4 weeks

Question 38

Weight loss compromises approximately

Answer 38

80% fat and 20% lean mass loss

Question 39

Your first appointment of the day arrives for a wellness exam. Gravy is a 7 year old MC DSH that has a history of being overweight. Gravy weighs 8 kg, what is his resting energy requirement (RER) using his current weight?

Answer 39

330

Question 40

You determine that Gravy has a body condition score of 8 out of 9. What is his estimated percent overweight?

Answer 40

30%

Question 41

You are interested in determining how much protein Gravy's diet provides on a gram per 1000 kcal (g/1000 kcal). The crude protein is 34% and it provides 4040 kcal per kg. By using the calculations discussed in lecture how much protein does this diet provide on a g/1000 kcal basis?

Answer 41

84 g/1000 kcal

Question 42

What is Gravy's (cat) daily protein requirement based on the NRC recommended allowance using his current weight (rounded to the nearest whole number)? Note that Gravy's current weight is 8 kg.

Answer 42

20