Obesity, Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome Flashcards
(46 cards)
Components of the metabolic syndrome
- Obesity
- Hyperlipidemia
- Coronary artery disease
- Fatty heart (also liver)
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Insulin resistance
- Diabetes type II
Diabetes = High blood glucose levels
> ?
126 mg/dl or greater with fasting
glucose test
- supposed to be 24 hours
(guidelines) , but most go by 12 hours*
What is metabolic syndrome?
Insulin resistant syndrome linked to obesity
What is BMI?
Body weight in KG divided by height in meters squared
Formulas used in determining risk (?)
- BMI
- WHR (waist hip ratio)
- abdominal circumference only
- liver fat content
WHR
how to measure
- Waist measured at the most narrow part of torso above umbilicus and below xiphoid
- Hip measured at the max circumference of hips or buttocks
BMI
underweight
< 18.5
BMI
normal
18.5-24.9
BMI
overweight
25-29.9
BMI
obese (Class I)
30-34.9
BMI
obese (Class II)
35-39.9
BMI
obese (Class III)
>40
unused energy →
fat deposition
doesn’t matter what type of intake
How many calories in a pound?
3500
Cals per gram
fat
9
Cals per gram
carbs
4
Cals per gram
protein
4
Cals per gram
alcohol
7
diabetes
Casual plasma glucose
above 200 mg/dl
casual, not fasted
diabetes diagnosis
Fasting plasma glucose
above 126 mg/dl
75g glucose load test
2 hour test
measure at the end of an hour and then after 2 hours
measure above 200 mg/dl
Pre-diabetic numbers
above 100 mg/dl
Hb1ac is a measure of:
measure of average blood glucose over 2-3 months (6% = 126 mg/dl)
better to see the big picture
Hb1ac
normal value
below 5.7%