Obesity, Diabetes, Nutrition

Question 0

What decade was the energy flipping point of push v pull effect?

Answer 0

1960s - correlates with more television and advertising

Question 1

Life expectancy reduction in obese people

Answer 1

13-14 years

Question 2

The only plausible explanation for the simultaneous global increase in obesity…..

Answer 2

Change in global food supply

Question 3

What % of indigenous females are overweight or obese, and how does this compare to % overall?

Answer 3

~38% v 28%

Question 4

4 factors of SES and obesity

Answer 4

• money for healthy food
• poorer neighbourhoods have mor car dependence, less recreation facilities, more fast food etc
• chronic stress
• food insecurity?

Question 5

BMI classifications

Answer 5

Underweight < 18.5
Normal 18.5 - 24.9
Overweight > 30
Obesity 1 30 - 34.9
Obesity 2 35 - 39.9
Obesity 3 > 40

Question 6

Limitations of Bmi (4)

Answer 6

• differences in fat distribution
• ethnic differences
• muscular builds
• gender

Question 7

Waist circumferences, overweight and obese in men and women

Answer 7

Men: 94 and 102
Women: 80 and 88

Question 8

Reduced energy diets

Answer 8

Decrease energy intake by 2000-4000kj/day

Question 9

Low energy diet

Answer 9

Energy intake 4000-5000kj/day total

Question 10

Very low energy diet

Answer 10

Energy intake 1700-3300kj/day total

Question 11

Which has higher drop out: partial meal replacement or reduced energy diet?

Answer 11

Reduced energy diet

Question 12

4 principles of diets

Answer 12

• reduce fat or carb
• portion control
• change frequency or restrict time of eating
• concentration of single food

Question 13

Successful weight losers….(5)

Answer 13

• attend counselling sessions (ongoing support)
• eat breakfast every day
• weigh themselves weekly
• watch less than 10 hrs tv weekly
• exercise avg 1hr daily
• follow diets that are sustainable (weight loss easier than weight maintenance)

Question 14

How many people diagnosed with diabetes in Aus, and how many of these are type 2

Answer 14

1 million

85%

Question 15

How many undiagnosed in Aus.

Answer 15

For every 4 diagnosed, 1 undiagnosed

Question 16

Nth leading cause of death in men? In women? (Australia)

Answer 16

8th

7th

Question 17

Risk of atsi diabetes compared to non-Asti
Risk of atsi kidney failure due to diabetes compared to non-Asti
Cause of death % in Asti

Answer 17

3x
10x
8%

Question 18

1st quintile ses and diabetes more or less likely than 5th

Answer 18

More likely

Question 19

Of Australians with a disability –% have diabetes

Answer 19

11

Question 20

Among people with lost site –% reported having diabetes

Answer 20

17

Question 21

Global prevalence diabetes is –%, deaths of which –% are low to middle income countries

Answer 21

6.4

80

Question 22

% with high cholesterol, men and women

Answer 22

Men: 51
Women: 48

Question 23

What foods have saturated fats

Answer 23

Animal products like dairy and meat, Palm oil, margarine, coconut, deep fried take away foods

Question 24

What foods have trans fats and why are they bad?

Answer 24

Beef, veal, lamb or artificially manufactured | Bad because they behave like saturated fats

Question 25

WHO recommended daily intake of salt | Aus division " without cv disease / with cv disease

Answer 25

<4

Question 26

--% children stunted growth, --%malnourished

Answer 26

80 and 8

Question 27

Recall the nutrition cycle, beginning with education

Answer 27

Education Sustainable food supply/farming Diet and food Nutrition: ionise, vitamins and minerals Good mental and physical health (&sanitation and hygiene) Motivation Education

Question 28

What is the greatest region of child wasting from malnutrition

Answer 28

South Central Asia - 70%

Question 29

3 big factors of maternal health for child nutrition

Answer 29

Iron and calcium and zinc | Vitamin a

Question 30

Implications of low birth weight

Answer 30

Impairs immune system | Causes diabetes and heart disease in later life

Question 31

Under nutrition in aboriginal australians

Answer 31

``` 2-4x increase death 3.5x incense death in infants specifically Obesity men 1.6x more likely Obesity women 2.2x more likely Incidence of diabetes 2-3x ```

Question 32

Cancer deaths attributable to inadequate f&v

Answer 32

11%

Question 33

Vitamin a and d can be added to

Answer 33

Margarine, and d to milk

Question 34

What can you add to flour and bread?

Answer 34

Ca2+, thiamin, niacin, iron