Obestiy

Question 1

used to measure abdominal obesity

Answer 1

WAIST TO HIP RATIO

Question 2

It’s calculated by measuring the waist and the hip at the widest diameter of the buttocks

Answer 2

WAIST TO HIP RATIO

Question 3

Best body shape

Answer 3

Pear

Question 4

WAIST TO HIP RATIO Strengths

Answer 4

• Good correlation with body fat as measured by the most accurate methods
• Inexpensive
• Studies show waist to hip ratio predicts development of disease and death in adults

Question 5

measured by the most accurate methods

Answer 5

WAIST TO HIP RATIO

Question 6

WAIST TO HIP RATIO imitations

Answer 6

1. Measurement error because it requires two measurements
2. More complex to interpret - caused by increased abdominal fat or decrease in lean muscle mass around the hips
3. less accurate in individuals with a BMI of 35 or higher

Question 7

special caliper to measure the thickness of a “pinch” of skin and the fat beneath it in specific areas of the body

Answer 7

SKINFOLD THICKNESS

Question 8

Used to predict body fat percentage

Answer 8

SKINFOLD THICKNESS

Question 9

is a direct measure of fat

Answer 9

SKINFOLD THICKNESS

Question 10

Reflects the proportion of total body fat

Answer 10

SKINFOLD THICKNESS

Question 11

Measure fatty tissue in various parts of the body

Answer 11

SKINFOLD THICKNESS

Question 12

The selected sites for SKINFOLD THICKNESS

Answer 12

( usually 3 to 7 )

Question 13

SKINFOLD THICKNESS
…. measurements are taken at each site

Answer 13

2

Question 14

The procedure for skinfold thickness measurement includes …..

Answer 14

grasping the skin and underlying tissue

Question 15

SKINFOLD THICKNESS Strengths

Answer 15

• Convenient
• Safe
• Inexpensive
• Portable
• Fast and easy ( except in individuals with a BMI of 35 or higher )

Question 16

SKINFOLD THICKNESS imitations

Answer 16

Not as accurate as other methods: problem with skinfold thickness measurement is that different clinicians measuring the same person may get different results, depending upon their knowledge and experience

Various equations are used to assess results, so there is little consistency

Very hard to measure in individuals with a BMI of 35 or higher.

Question 16

Small, imperceptible safe electric current through the body, measuring the resistance.

Answer 16

BIOELECTRIC IMPEDANCE (BIA)

Question 17

Individuals are weighed in air and while submerged in a tank

Answer 17

UNDERWATER WEIGHING (Densitometry)

Question 18

X-ray beams pass through different body tissues at different rates

Answer 18

DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY (DEXA)

Question 19

DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY (DEXA) Limitations

Answer 19

• Equipment is expensive and cannot be moved
• Cannot accurately distinguish between different types of fat (fat under the skin, also known as “subcutaneous” fat vs. fat around the internal organs, or “visceral” fat
• Cannot be used with pregnant women, since it requires
  exposure to a small dose of radiation
• Most current systems cannot accommodate individuals with a BMI of 35 or higher

Question 20

…. more commonly used to determine bone mineral density for diagnosis of osteoporosis

Answer 20

DEXA

Question 21

abnormal or excessive fat accumulation

Answer 21

Overweight and obesity

Question 22

the ratio of weight to height calculated as weight (kg)/height (m 2

Answer 22

Body mass index (BMI)

Question 23

Body mass index (BMI) Strengths

Answer 23

• Easy to measure
• Inexpensive
• Standardized cutoff points for overweight and obesity
• Strongly correlated with body fat levels , as measured by the most accurate methods
• Hundreds of studies show that a high BMI predicts higher risk of chronic disease and early death

Question 24

Body mass index (BMI) Limitations

Answer 24

* Indirect and imperfect measurement does not distinguish between body fat and lean body mass * Not as accurate a predictor of body fat in the elderly as it is in younger and middle aged adults * At the same BMI, women have, on average, more body fat than men, and Asians have more body fat than whites

Question 25

a body builder or physically active person who bulks up, causing weight gain, but has a low percentage of body fat may have a ...

Answer 25

BMI in the overweight category

Question 26

the simplest and most common way to measure “ abdominal obesity

Answer 26

WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE

Question 27

It’s the circumference of the abdomen, measured at the natural waist

Answer 27

Between the lowest rib and the top of the hip bone

Question 28

To correctly measure waist circumference

Answer 28

1. Stand and place a tape measure around your middle, above your hipbones 2. Make sure tape is horizontal around the waist 3. Keep the tape snug around the waist, but not compressing the skin 4. Measure your waist just after you breathe out

Question 29

WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE Strengths

Answer 29

* Easy to measure * Inexpensive * Strongly correlated with body fat in adults as measured by the most accurate methods * Studies show waist circumference predicts development of disease and death

Question 30

WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE Limitations

Answer 30

* Measurement procedure has not been standardized * Lack of good comparison standards reference data ) for waist circumference children * May be difficult to measure and less accurate in individuals with a BMI of 35 or higher