obestiy

Question 0

normal weight

Answer 0

18.5-24.9

Question 1

underweight

Answer 1

<18.5

Question 2

overneight

Answer 2

25-29.9

Question 3

overweight

Answer 3

25-29.9

Question 4

obesity 1

Answer 4

30-34.9

Question 5

obesity 2

Answer 5

35-39.9

Question 6

obesity III (extreme)

Answer 6

> 40

6.3% population

Question 7

excess calories stored as

Answer 7

triglycerides in two ways–adipose cellular hyperplasia & adipose cellualr hypertrophy

Question 8

adipose cellylar hyperplasia

Answer 8

increase in number of cells
early onset
extreme

Question 9

adipose cellualr hypertrophy

Answer 9

increase in size only
adult onset
mild

Question 10

weight loss leads to

Answer 10

change in adipose cell size but not number (this remains constant even with weight loss)–this is reason why weight loss is so hard and so often relapse

Question 11

peptides and NT that increase appetite

Answer 11

NPY
AGRP
MCH
Ghrelin*
endocannabinoids
Orexins*
Galanin
Opiods

Question 12

peptides and nt that decrease appetite

Answer 12

leptin*
a-MSH
CRF
CART
Neuromedian
Urocortin
CCK*
IL6
CNTF
PYY
oxyntomodulin

Question 13

leptin is produced in

Answer 13

fat cells, gut, placenta

Question 14

leptin

Answer 14

signals brain how much fat is stored

Question 15

db/db and ob/ob mice

Answer 15

ob- deficient
db- defect

hyperphagia
insulin R
infertility
hyperinsulinemia

Question 16

melanin protein (MSH)

Answer 16

inhibits food intake

Question 17

agouti gene/protein

Answer 17

inhibits mSH binding to receptor–>decrease MSH–>stimulates food intake

also competes w/ MSH for Melacortin 4R

Question 18

carboxypeptide E

Answer 18

cleaves proinsulin

*fat mice lack this

Question 19

tub gene

Answer 19

retinitis, other neuro deficits–>hypothal damage–>stimulates appetite

Question 20

M4R deletion

Answer 20

hyperphagia, obesity

Question 21

M3R deletion

Answer 21

store more fat, lower lean body mass

Question 22

5HT 2C deletion

Answer 22

increase food intake, obesity, seizures

Question 23

5HT1B deletion

Answer 23

blocks anorexic effects dexfenfluramine

Question 24

Neurpeptide YKO

Answer 24

normal amounts of fat--losing gene does nto cause weight loss

Question 25

candidates for treamtnet depend on

Answer 25

degree of risk | no baritric surgery for anyone under BMI of 30

Question 26

malabsorptive surgery

Answer 26

bypass duodenum to decrease absorption | jejunoileal bypass, biliopancreatic diversion

Question 27

restrictive surgery

Answer 27

small pouch restricts volume of food intake--early satiety with normal absorption vertical banded gastroplasty, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

Question 28

bombined restrive/malabsorptive

Answer 28

roux-en-y gastric bypass

Question 29

complications of restrictive/malabsorptive

Answer 29

``` cholithiasis vit B12 deficiency incisional hernia dumping syndrome Fe deficient ``` **treat prophylactically