OBG-anatomy

Question 0

What does the posterior wall of the pelvis contain?

Answer 0

Sacrum and coccyx

Question 1

Upper part of the pelvis is the ______ pelvis, the lower is the ______ pelvis.

Answer 1

False (superior), true (inferior)

Question 2

What does the anterior wall of the pelvis contain?

Answer 2

2 pubic bones

Question 3

What does the inferior wall of the pelvis contain?

Answer 3

2 iliac wings and ischium

Question 4

What divides the pelvis into the true and false pelvis?

Answer 4

Linea terminalis or iliopectineal line

Question 5

What is at the anterior wall of the false pelvis?

Answer 5

Rectus abs

Question 6

What does the inferior wall of the true pelvis contain?

Answer 6

Pelvic diaphragm, levator ani muscle, coccygeal muscle, and perineal muscle

Question 8

What are the osseous ligaments?

Answer 8

Sacroiliac (between the sacrum and ilium), sacrosanct (or sacrotuberous), sacrococcygeal, and pubic symphysis

Question 9

what are the suspensory ligaments?

Answer 9

Cardinal ligament (lateral cervical ligament), broad ligament (extends from lateral pelvic walls), uterosacral ligament (posterior), round ligament (anterior to broad ligament), ovarian ligament, and infundibulopelvic ligament

Question 10

what is the broad ligament made out of?

Answer 10

peritoneum

Question 11

what does the round ligament attach?

Answer 11

the upper uterus to anterior pelvic wall

Question 12

what does the ovarian ligament attach?

Answer 12

upper/anterior uterus to ovary

Question 13

what does the infundibuloplevic ligament attach?

Answer 13

lateral aspect of the ovary to the pelvic wall transmits the ovarian artery and vein to ovary

Question 14

This muscle is from anterior wall to pelvis, extends from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis, responsible for the refraction/ “ghosting” artifact occasionally seen while imaging the middle pelvis in a transverse plane

Answer 14

rectus abdominum muscle

Question 15

this muscle originates from the lower throracic and lumbar vertebra (posterior wall), joins the iliacus muscle in the pelvis forming the iliopsoas muscle

Answer 15

psoas muscle

Question 16

inserts on the lesser pouch anterior to the femur

Answer 16

iliopsoas muscle

Question 17

sits in the anterior iliac fossa (lateral wall), arises at the liiac creast and extends inferiorly to join the psoas muscle forming the iliopsoas, part of the false pelvis

Answer 17

iliacus

Question 18

triangular muscle anchoring pelvic brim, lateral side wall of the true pelvis

Answer 18

obturator internus muscle

Question 19

deep and posterior in true pelvis “turn out muscle”

Answer 19

piriformis muscle

Question 20

holds pelvic organs inside, made out of levator muscle (anterior and middle floor), coccygeal muscle (posterior floor), perineal muscle (outerside)

Answer 20

pelvic diaphragm

Question 21

what 3 structures pass through the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 21

urethra (anterior), vagina (middle), rectum (posterior)

Question 22

hollow muscle membranous organ, located posterior to pubic symphysis, anterior to the vagina, superior convexity is the dome, utterers insert on the inferior posterior of this organ

Answer 22

urinary bladder

Question 23

what are the 3 layers of the bladder wall?

Answer 23

outer epithelial layer, middle muscular layer, and inner mucosal layer

Question 24

describe the bladder when it is full and empty

Answer 24

empty bladder- can see folds (rugae) on sonogram

full bladder- cannot see the mucosa

Question 25

______ arises along the inferior and middle part of the bladder

Answer 25

urethra

Question 26

7-10 cm canal of smooth muscle, extends from the external introitus to the cervix

Answer 26

vagina

Question 27

upper portion of vagina surrounds the cervix and forms gutters call ______

Answer 27

fornicies, 3 parts: anterior fornix, lateral fornicies, and posterior fornix (usually the deepest and can see fluid within)

Question 28

pear shaped, hallow organ, located anterior to the rectum posterior to the bladder

Answer 28

uterus, the fundus is the dome, body is the main portion, and isthmus is the lower uterine segment (most flexible part)

Question 29

"neck" of the uterus, provides an alkaline secretion favorable for sperm penetration for fertilization

Answer 29

cervix

Question 30

uterine cavity in endometrium

Answer 30

endocervical canal

Question 31

what are the sizes of the cervix and body/fundus?

Answer 31

adult: cx lower 1/3 body/fundus upper 2/3 new born: cx lower 1/2 body/fundus upper 1/2 pediatric: cx lower 2/3 body/fundus upper 1/3 post menopausal is same as adult

Question 32

what are the layers of the uterus?

Answer 32

perimeterium (outer layer), myometrium (middle layer), endometrium (inner mucus layer)

Question 33

what are the parts of the perimetrium layer?

Answer 33

broad ligament (laterally), vesicoutererine pouch (anteriorly), rectouterine pouch/pouch of douglas (posteriorly)

Question 34

what is the most dependent portion of the abdomen?

Answer 34

pouch of douglas

Question 35

has 3 layers of smooth muscle that contract during delivery, then inter most layer is the junctional zone (always seen on MRI)

Answer 35

myometrium

Question 36

consists of a superficial functional layer and a deeper permanent basal layer, varies in thickness during different phases of the cycle

Answer 36

Endometrium

Question 37

how is the thickness of the endometrium measured?

Answer 37

with the uterus in the sagital plane taken as a double layer

Question 38

tissue surrounding the uterus, also known as adnexa

Answer 38

parametrium

Question 39

______ uterus position has no bend, endometrium is straight forward tilt of uterus with respect to the vagina

Answer 39

anteversion

Question 40

______ uterus postion is posterior or neutral with respect to the vagina

Answer 40

retroversion

Question 41

______uterus postion is bending forward at the uterus body

Answer 41

anteflexion

Question 42

______ uterus postion is bending backward at the uterus body

Answer 42

retroflexion

Question 43

soild, paired, oval organ, suspends in the pelvic peritoneum, posterior to broad ligament, location varies esp. during pregnancy

Answer 43

ovaries

Question 44

what are the layers of the ovaries?

Answer 44

outer functional layer (cortex), and inner medullary contains vessels and connective tissue

Question 45

______ are channels through which vessels and nerves is situated at the anterior of the ovary

Answer 45

hilum

Question 46

paired muscle membranous tubes, extends laterally from uterus cornee

Answer 46

fallopian tubes

Question 47

what does CIAIF for the fallopian tube stands for?

Answer 47

``` Cornual/interstitial/intramorial Isthmus Ampulary Infundibulum Fimbriae ```

Question 48

potential space in the pelvic cavity location of organs and suspensory structures

Answer 48

peritoneal recesses

Question 49

prevesical or retropubic space located between pubic symphysis (anterior) and bladder (posterior), masses in this space will displace the bladder posteriorly

Answer 49

space of retzius

Question 50

anterior to the cul de sac, anterior to the uterus, posterior to the bladder, usually empty, may contain loops of bowel

Answer 50

vesicoutrerine space

Question 51

also known as pouch of douglas, posterior cul de sac, posterior to rectum, the most common dependent portion of the abdomen and place for fluid to collect

Answer 51

rectouterine space

Question 52

complex free fluid in the peritoneal recess is associated with ______ or ______

Answer 52

hemorrhage or infection

Question 53

the ______ and its branches supply blood to the pelvic organs

Answer 53

abdominal aorta

Question 54

divides at L4 into RoL common iliac artery

Answer 54

aorta

Question 55

what are the common iliac branches?

Answer 55

external iliac artery, and internal iliac artery (uterus artery and vaginal artery)

Question 56

crosses over the uterus on each side of the uterus and ascends along the lateral portion of the uterus within the broad ligament, at the cornue they course laterally to join the ovarian arteries

Answer 56

uterine arteries

Question 57

which arteries supply the majority of blood to the uterus?

Answer 57

uterine arteries

Question 58

multipul radial arteries that supply the deepest layer of the myometrium and endometrium

Answer 58

arcuate arteries

Question 59

what are the branches of the uterus arteries from outer to inner?

Answer 59

uterine, arcuate, radial, spiral

Question 60

empties into the IVC

Answer 60

Rt ovarian vein

Question 61

empties into the Lt renal vein

Answer 61

Lt ovarian vein

Question 62

Uterine veinous flexus is larger and more sonographic than the ______ flexus

Answer 62

arterial

Question 63

______ tortus veins near the uterus and in adnexa are a significant finding in patients with pain and may be associated with pelvic congestion syndrome

Answer 63

dilated

Question 64

what is the doppler characteristics of uterus arteries?

Answer 64

uterus arteries are moderately high resistance, higher resistance in proliferative phase than in secretory phase, higher resistance in post menopausal

Question 65

______ arteries have higher resistance flow in proliferative than in secretory phase, increasing difficulty to see in posterior menopausal

Answer 65

radial

Question 66

in the follicular phase, flow is low velocity and high resistance, during the periovulatory period and luteal phase impedance drops dramatically on the side of the dominant follicle

Answer 66

ovarian arteries