Object Recognition (1)

Question 1

object agnosia

Answer 1

can see the object but cannot put the whole thing together

Question 2

does object recognition = object perception

Answer 2

no

Question 3

apperceptive agnosia

Answer 3

perceptual representation

Question 4

associative agnosia

Answer 4

identification

meaning

Question 5

prosopagnosia

Answer 5

face blindness

can tell it is a face but cant tell who it belongs to

Question 6

what happens when the pattern recognition system is damaged

Answer 6

agnosia

Question 7

pattern recognition and form perception theories

Answer 7

template matching
feature analysis
structural approach

Question 8

template theory

Answer 8

• requires a huge number of templates to account for all variation
• works well in constrained environments
• calculates correlation between template and input

Question 9

can template theory be complete solution?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

features theory

Answer 10

• objects are composed of separable features
• tested with feature search’s
• pop-out search

Question 11

physiological evidence for features

Answer 11

neuron recording

Question 12

cognitive visual search evidence for features

Answer 12

conjunction search (multiple feature search)
search asymmetries

Question 13

are people faster or slower if they have to look for a conjunction of features

Answer 13

slower

Question 14

reaction time independent of display size for

Answer 14

single feature search

Question 15

search asymmetry

Answer 15

• Easy to find a tilted line against vertical ones, harder to find a vertical line against tilted ones
• Easy to find a vertical line against tilted ones
• Tells us what the features are
• Easier to find the “tilt” than the “not tilt” indication that a feature we use is “tilt” not “absence of tilt” (gap not absence of gap)

Question 16

structural theory

Answer 16

Our mental models of objects are made up of components called geons

Question 17

is it easier to identify objects when geons are intact or distrupted

Answer 17

intact

Question 18

geon distruption task

Answer 18

• Every other edge or line is deleted to create complementary images (images contain different geons)
  You see complete geons essentially so can identify object faster

Question 19

are some things hard to distinguish based on geons?

Answer 19

yes

apple vs. orange

Question 20

are faces special?

Answer 20

probably
hollistic not feature processing
we are highly specialize

Question 21

support for faces being special

Answer 21

inverted faces

composite face effect

Question 22

opposite of prosopagnosia

Answer 22

super recognizers

Question 23

overall how do we recognize objects

Answer 23

features
templates
geons

Question 24

word recognition

Answer 24

example of object recognition

Question 25

how to study reading

Answer 25

reduce stimulus presentation effect

Question 26

what do they use to test reading

Answer 26

tachistoscope

Question 27

how to measure reading

Answer 27

recognition threshold (ms) percentage recognized word frequency

Question 28

repetition priming

Answer 28

- viewing a word once greatly helps you read it the next time - priming is like a warm up for your brain - has a much bigger affect on low frequency words

Question 29

context effects

Answer 29

context helps us to recognize objects, and change what we perceive

Question 30

context effects bottom up processing

Answer 30

its not all putting features together

Question 31

context effects top down processing

Answer 31

context, knowledge about the world matters too

Question 32

word superiority effect

Answer 32

it is easier to perceive a letter when it is part of a word than when it is presented on its own

Question 33

is reading just putting individual letters together

Answer 33

no people are actually more accurate when the letter was presented in a whole world, than by itself

Question 34

reading error

Answer 34

tend to misread less common sequences as more common one (over-regularization)

Question 35

feature net

Answer 35

each detector has its own baseline activation level (resting level)

Question 36

word frequency

Answer 36

higher frequency words are recognized faster (higher baseline levels)

Question 37

repetition priming

Answer 37

- The current activation level of a word node is still active above baseline when the corresponding stimulus word is repeated hence it takes relatively less additional activation energy and less time for this word node to reach threshold the second times - Baseline itself may be affected only after LOTS of encounters

Question 38

well-formedness

Answer 38

faster to read well formed strings

Question 39

recover from errors in sensory and perceptual processing

Answer 39

The same mechanisms that lead to misperceptions, also allows us to recover from errors in sensory and perceptual processing

Question 40

robust pattern recognition

Answer 40

mechanisms help to explain the word superiority effect as well

Question 41

proofreading

Answer 41

``` writing primes you read slow read backwards take a break from paper input misperceived ```