Objective 1: Blood and blood products

Question 1

the study of blood and blood-forming tissues

Answer 1

hematology

Question 2

what are the hematological systems?

Answer 2

bone marrow, spleen, and lymph system

Question 3

what are the functions of the hematological system?

Answer 3

transport
regulation
protection

Question 4

what does the hematological system transport?

Answer 4

oxygen from lungs to cells
nutrients from the GI tract to cells
hormones from endocrine glands to tissues and cells
metabolic waste products from cells to lungs, liver, and kidneys

Question 5

what does the hematological system regulate?

Answer 5

fluid and electrolyte balance
body temp
acid-base balance

Question 6

what does the hematological system protect?

Answer 6

combating invasion of pathogens and other foreign substances
maintaining homeostasis of blood coagulation

Question 7

blood cell production

Answer 7

bone marrow

Question 8

55% of blood, primarily water, also contains proteins, electrolytes, gases, nutrients, and waste

Answer 8

plasma

Question 9

red blood cells; oxygen transportation

Answer 9

erythrocytes

Question 10

white blood cells

Answer 10

leukocytes

Question 11

platelets; promote blood coagulation

Answer 11

thrombocytes

Question 12

what are the lab studies?

Answer 12

CBC
PT, INR, aPTT, platelets
hematocrit, hemoglobin
radiological studies
biopsy
molecular cytogenetics and gene analysis

Question 13

liquid component of blood; a mixture of water, sugar, fat, protein, and salts. the main job is to transport blood cells throughout the body along with nutrients, waste products, antibodies, clotting proteins, chemical messengers such as hormones, and proteins that help maintain the bodys fluid balance

Answer 13

plasma

Question 14

a biconcave disk with a flattened center, accounting for about 40-45% of blood volume; have no nucleus and can easily change shape, helping them fit through the various blood vessels in your body. contain special protein called hemoglobin.

Answer 14

RBCs

Question 15

helps carry O2 from the lungs to the rest of the body and then returns CO2 from the body to the lungs so it can be exhaled

Answer 15

hemoglobin

Question 16

cells that protect the body from infection, accounting for about 1% of your blood

Answer 16

leukocytes

Question 17

what are the different forms of leukocytes?

Answer 17

neutrophils
lymphocytes

Question 18

mature WBC- first responder

Answer 18

neutrophils

Question 19

T-regulator and B-make antibodies

Answer 19

lymphocytes

Question 20

part of cells that help the blood clotting process by gathering at the site of an injury, sticking to the lining of the injured blood vessel and forming a platform on which blood coagulation can occur. This results in the formation of a fibrin clot, which covers the wound and prevents blood from leaking out.

Answer 20

platelets

Question 21

form’s the initial scaffolding upon which new tissues forms, thus promoting healing

Answer 21

fibrin

Question 22

The transfusion of blood and blood components restores and maintains quality of life for pts with hematological disorders, cancer, injury or surgical intervention

Answer 22

blood transfusions

Question 23

Replaces RBC mass and plasma volume
Not typically transfused unless pt needs a massive amount of blood to counteract tremendous blood loss
Nothing has been removed from the blood
With special procedures such as centrifuging, most often whole blood is made into packed RBC, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets

Answer 23

whole blood

Question 24

Plasma removed from whole blood
Preferred for clients that need cellular replacement but could be harmed by excess fluid
Used with severe anemia and acute bleeding
Will raise Hgb/Hct levels same as whole blood

Answer 24

packed RBCs

Question 25

the percentage of volume by RBCs in the blood

Answer 25

hematocrit

Question 26

Prepared from RBCs using glycerol for protection and then frozen Can be stored for up to 10 yrs Must be used within 24 hours of thawing Autotransfusion- receives own blood Stockpiling Infrequently used

Answer 26

frozen RBCs

Question 27

Made from fresh whole blood within 4 hrs of collection Can also be collected with plateletpheresis Can only be stored for 5 days Used to prevent or treat bleeding in ppl with either a low platelet count or poor platelet function

Answer 27

platelets

Question 28

platelets separated from blood and collected

Answer 28

plateletpheresis

Question 29

what are the 3 groups of leukocytes?

Answer 29

neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

Question 30

major component of inflammatory response and defence against bacterial infection

Answer 30

neutrophils

Question 31

capable of phagocytosis, active in allergic contact and delayed hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 31

basophils

Question 32

phagocytize foreign material

Answer 32

eosinophils

Question 33

Serum without blood cells (no RBCs or platelets): liquid portion of whole blood separated from cells and frozen Contains most coagulation factors and complement Increases intravascular fluid volume by increasing colloidal osmotic pressure to control bleeding

Answer 33

plasma FFP

Question 34

what are the 2 types of plasma?

Answer 34

cryoprecipitate & gamma globulin

Question 35

Prepared from plasma Contains a mixture of clotting factors (factors VII (7), XII (12), Von Willebrand's factor and fibrinogen) Treats blood clotting disorders such as hemophilia Replacement of clotting factors, especially factor VII and fibrinogen

Answer 35

cryoprecipitate

Question 36

Made from plasma Ex: immunoglobulins IgM, IgG, and IgA A protein found in blood that acts like an antibody to defend the body against infection Used with blood-related diseases like CLL Low levels of gamma globulin can lead to a higher risk of some types of bacterial infections or bleeding

Answer 36

gamma globulin

Question 37

what are the types of transfusions?

Answer 37

autologous donation allogeneic donation

Question 38

Removing whole blood from a person and transfusing the blood back into the same person Donate blood before a planned surgical event Blood is frozen and stored for up to 10 years Problems of incompatibility, allergic reactions, and transmission of diseases can be avoided

Answer 38

autologous donation

Question 39

A donor and a recipient are not the same person Receiving blood from a national blood supply Most common Compatibility of the recipient and donor is essential

Answer 39

allogeneic donation

Question 40

The most abundant protein in plasma Made from plasma Pulls third-spacing (acities) fluid by increasing colloidal osmotic pressure and increasing circulating blood volume Used to treat hyponatremia in burns and hypoalbuminemia in shock Used to support BP in dialysis and acute liver failure

Answer 40

albumin