Objectives 1-5 Flashcards
(108 cards)
0
Q
Periosteum
A
Membranous outer covering of a long bone
1
Q
6 functions of the bone
A
Support Protection Assisting in movement Mineral homeostasis Production of blood cells Triglyceride storage
2
Q
Ednochondral
A
The method of ossification forming most bones
3
Q
Epiphysis
A
The enlarged ends of a long bone
4
Q
Hyaline
A
Articulate cartilage is an example of the cartilage type
5
Q
Haversian canal
A
The center of an osteomyelitis which carries blood vessels longitudinally through bone
6
Q
Diaphysis
A
The shaft of a long bone
7
Q
Lamellae
A
Rings of bony tissue filled with minerals and surrounding the Haversian canal
8
Q
Osteocytes
A
Mature bone cells
9
Q
Spongy
A
Bone that contains numerous air spaces between cells
10
Q
Lacunae
A
Microscopic cavities in bone containing osteocytes
11
Q
Medullary canal
A
A space in bone which contains morrow
12
Q
Osteoblasts
A
Bone forming cell
13
Q
Compact
A
Very dense bone with no air spaces within
14
Q
Canaliculi
A
Small channels connecting lacunae with each other
15
Q
Osteon (Haversian System)
A
The unit of structure in compact bone
16
Q
Matrix
A
The mineral part of the bone
17
Q
Epiphyseal plate
A
The growth area in bones where epiphysis joins diaphysis
18
Q
Connective
A
Bone is an example of this major tissue type
19
Q
Osteoporosis
A
Bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased susceptibility to fractures
20
Q
Diaphysis
A
The area of a long bone containing the thickest layer of compact bone
21
Q
Long bones
A
Greater length than width
22
Q
Short bones
A
Somewhat cube shaped
23
Q
Flat bones
A
Very thin
24
Irregular bones
Complex shape
25
Endosteum
Membrane that lines the medullary cavity
26
Osteoclasts
Huge cells that breakdown the matrix of the bone
| Needed for growth and repair
27
Axial skeleton
```
Skull
Hyoid
Auditory
Ossicles
Vertebral column
Thorax
```
28
Appendicular skeleton
Pectoral girdle
Upper limbs
Pelvic girdle
Lower limbs
29
Cranial bones
```
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
```
30
Facial bones
```
Nasal
Maxillae
Zygomatic
Mandible
Lacrimal
Palatine
Inferior nasal conchae
Vomer
```
31
Suture
Immovable joint found only in the skull
32
4 Sutures
Coronal-between the frontal and parietal bones
Saggital-between the 2 parietal bones
Lamboidal-between the parietal and occipital
Squamous-between parietal and temporal
33
Paranasal sinuses
```
Lined with mucous membranes
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillae
```
34
Fontanels
```
Membrane filled spaces between cranial bones at birth
Anterior
Posterior
Anterolateral
Posterolateral
```
35
Hyoid bone
Doesn't connect with any other bone
| Supports the tongue
36
Vertebral column
Encloses and protects the spinal cord
| Supports the head
37
33 bones in several regions
```
Cervical vertebrae-neck
Thoracic vertebrae-chest
Lumbar vertebrae-lower back
Sacrum
Coccyx
```
38
Processes
Points of attachment for muscles with other vertebrae
39
Thorax
Entire chest
| Protects and encloses organs in the thoracic and upper abdominal cavity
40
Sternum
Thoracic bone
| Breast bone
41
True ribs
Attach directly to sternum
42
False ribs
Attach indirectly or not at all to sternum
43
Floating ribs
False ribs that do not connect to the sternum at all
44
Shoulder girdle
Attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton
| Made of right and left collar bone and scapula
45
Clavicle bone
Collar bone
| Most frequently broken bone in the body
46
Scapula
Shoulder bone
47
Humerous
Arm bone
48
Ulna
On the medial bone (little finger side)
49
Radial
On the lateral bone (thumb side)
50
Carpals
2 rows in wrists
51
Metacarpals
Bones in the hand
| Heads-the knuckles
52
Phalanges
Form the 5 fingers
53
Pelvic girdle
Consists of 2 hips bones (vocal bones)
54
Pelvis
Formed by the sacrum and coccyx
55
Hip bones
Llium-largest, most superior
Ischium-lower, posterior
Pubis-lower, anterior
56
Femur
Thigh bones
| Largest/strongest in the body
57
Patella
Knee cap
58
Tibia
Shin bone
| Larger medial bone of the leg
59
Fibula
Thinner smaller bone of the leg
| Lateral to tibia
60
Tarsals
Form the posterior half of each foot
61
Metatarsals
The anterior half of the foot
62
Phalanges
Form the 5 tarsals (toes)
63
Bones of a male
Generally larger and heavier
Articular ends are thicker
Have more prominent markings for muscle attachment
Females have a wider pelvis
64
Aging of bones
They become brittle
| Bones lose mass
65
Bunion
Deformity of the big toe
| Causes bone spurs, calluses and bursitis
66
Osteoarthritis
Degeneration of articular cartilage so the bony ends touch
67
Osteomyelitis
Infection in the bone
68
Scoliosis
Sideways bending if the vertebral column usually in the thoracic region
69
Which 3 bones fuse together to form the hip bones?
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
70
What type of bone form most of the epiphysis of long bones and consists of trabeculae that surround spaces filled with red bone marrow?
Spongy bone
71
What name is given to the formation of bone
Ossification
72
Which bone is the only moveable one in the skull?
Mandible
73
The ribs and cranial bones are classified as what type of bone?
Flat bones
74
What condition results from sideways bending of the vertebral column?
Scoliosis
75
What are the units of structure in compact bone with little space between them?
Osteon (Haversian System)
76
In a typical long bone, what type of cartilage is the articular cartilage composed of?
Hyaline
77
What bones make the pectoral girdle?
Clavicle and scapula
78
Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of___
Adipose
79
What bone disorder occurs when bone destruction outpaces bone formation due to the depletion of calcium?
Osteoporosis
80
What name is given to the 7 pairs of ribs that attach directly to he sternum by means of costal cartilage?
True ribs
81
What name is given to the center of an osteon that carries blood vessels longitudinally through the bone?
Haversian Canal
82
Which bone is the largest, strongest and heaviest?
Femur
83
What name is given to the shaft of a bone?
Diaphysis
84
The bones of the thighs, forearms, and fingers are classified as what type of bone?
Long bones
85
What are the neck vertebrae called?
Cervical
86
In an osteon, what name is given to the rings of hard, calcified matrix that surround the central canal?
Lamellae
87
In an osteon, what name is given to the tiny channels connecting the central canal to lacunae?
Canaliculi
88
Name the hole in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
Vertebral foramen
89
Where does bone growth occur in a long bone?
Epiphyseal plate
90
The nasal bone, maxilla and mandible are part of what group of bones?
Facial
91
What method of ossification forms most bones?
Endochondral
92
Cleft palate occurs when what bones fail to unite?
Maxillary
93
Name the region of the long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis
Metaphysis
94
Which bone located under the jaw does not articulate with any other bone?
Hyoid bone
95
Name the scroll like bones in the nasal cavity whose job is to filter air before it gets to the lungs
Inferior nasal conchae
96
Name the soft spots in the cranium of a child that has not completely ossified
Fontanelles
97
What name is given to the spaces in compact bone that contain osteocytes?
Lacunae
98
To what group of bones does the temporal bone belong?
Cranial
99
What name is given to the membrane that lines the medullary cavity?
Endosteum
100
Name the type of cell that builds bone tissue
Osteoblasts
101
Name the type of cell that destroys the matrix of a bone
Osteoclasts
102
What is the name for he immovable joint in the skull formed where skull bones fuse together?
Suture
103
What cranial bone has a shape that resembles a bat?
Sphenoid
104
Name the part of none that contains water, collagen, and minerals like calcium
Matrix
105
Name the cell that develops into osteoblasts
Osteogenic cells
106
To what major division of the skeleton do the pectoral and pelvic girdles belong?
Appendicular
107
6 functions of the skeleton system
```
Support
Protection
Assisting in movement
Mineral homeostasis
Production of blood cells
Triglyceride storage
```
