Objectives for Exam 1: Flashcards
(39 cards)
(1) What are the definitions of nursing?
- Latin: nutrix (to nourish)
- International council of nurses definition: promotion of health, prevention of illness, and collaborative care.
- American Nurse Association: Protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and population
- Patient is the central focus of all definitions: It includes physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of the person
(1) Describe the criteria by which nursing can be identified as a profession.
- Well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge
- Strong service orientation
- Recognized authority by a professional group
- Code of Ethics
- Professional organization (ANA) that sets standards
- Ongoing research
- Autonomy and self-regulation
(1) Identify the qualities of nurses.
American Association of College of Nursing:
Altruism
Autonomy
Human dignity
Integrity
Social justice.
(1) List the roles of a professional nurse and describe the functions of each.
Caregiver
Communicator
Teacher/Educator
Counselor
Leader
Researcher
Advocate
Collaborator
(1) Explain the role of the caregiver:
taking care of the patient
(1) explain the role of the communicator:
talking to a patient and talking to everyone who will be in line with the patient’s care.
(1) Describe the levels of nursing education.
Practical and vocational nursing education (LPN)
Registered nursing education (RN), 3 Routes:
1. Diploma
2. Associate degree (ADN)
3. Baccalaureate (BSN)
Graduate education: (MSN, APRNs, DNP, PhD): clinical nurse specialists, nurse anesthetists, and nurse midwives
(1) Identify QSEN competencies in nursing education.
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
Project for preparing future nurses with the Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes (KSAs) necessary to continuously improve the quality and safety of the health care systems within which they work
Patient-Centered Care
Teamwork and Collaboration
Evidence-based Practice(EBP)
Quality Improvement (QI)
Safety
Informatics
(1) State the purpose of conceptual and theoretical models in nursing.
the purpose of both. conceptual and theoretical models in nursing include developing a plan for nursing care, having a rationale/reason as to why you are performing actions, organizing concepts of nursing, identifying nursing care goals, and leading to improved patient care.
(1) Discuss the use of conceptual and theoretical models in nursing.
to collect, organize, and classify patient data as well as understand, analyze and interpret patients’ health situations.
(1) Identify basic concepts of selected theoretical models.
basic concepts of most theoretical models: patient, nurse, health, and environment
Florence nightingale: focused on the patient’s environment
Hildegard Peplau: believed nursing was a goal-oriented process that is therapeutic and interpersonal.
virginia Henderson: believed nursing was about assisting a person to become independent
(5) 1. Define health.
traditional: the presence or absence of health
Florence Nightingale: the state of wellbeing, using every power to the fullest extent
(5) 2. Identify concepts related to health.
(5) 3. Explain the use of the health-illness continuum model in identifying a patient’s level of health.
Measures a person’s level of health.
Views health as a constantly changing state with high-level wellness and death on opposite sides of a continuum.
(5) 4. Discuss variables influencing health beliefs and practices.
internal and external variables:
internal:
biological/physical, psychologic or emotional, cognititve.
external:
economic situation
living environment
family and cultural beliefs
(5) 5. Define illness.
the unique response of a person to disease; an abnormal process involving a changed level of functioning.
(5) 6. Identify the stages of illness.
Stage I:
Experiencing symptoms- The patient recognizes that something is wrong based on associated symptoms.
Stage 2: Assuming the sick role- The patient is unable to perform normal duties and determines that professional care is needed.
❖Seeks validation of the illness and treatment to alleviate the symptoms.
❖Patient seeks information about the anticipated length of illness.
Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role
The patient accepts the diagnosis and treatment of the healthcare provider.
❖The kind of treatment and severity of the illness determines the extent of the dependence.
Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
❖Patient is no longer dependent.
❖Gradual return to normal roles and functioning.
(5) 7. Describe characteristics of the “Sick Role”.
❖Patient is unable to perform normal duties and determines that professional care is needed.
❖Seeks validation of the illness and treatment to alleviate the symptoms.
❖Patient seeks information about the anticipated length of illness.
(5) 8. Identify variables influencing illness behavior.
internal/external variables
(5) 9. Discuss the impact of illness on the patient and
family.
Role changes in family
* Financial pressures
* Increased stress and anxiety * Increased time demands
On the patient
* Behavioral/emotional changes
* Body image/self concept changes * Lifestyle changes
(5) 10. Differentiate illness from disease and acute illness from chronic illness.
acute: comes about very quickly and can go away just as fast
chronic: does not go away
a person with an acute illness can restore their initial health status but a person with a chronic illness cannot get rid of it.
(5) 11. Compare health promotion and illness preventative activities.
Health promotion is finding ways to help individuals, whether well or sick, develop a state of physical, spiritual, and mental well-being and illness preventative activities aims to prevent the illness from occurring in the first place.
(5) 12. Identify tools and programs used to promote
health.
Healthy People 2020
(5) 13. Discuss the three levels of illness prevention.
- Primary Prevention – activities designed to prevent or slow the onset of disease; health risk assessment to identify potential problem areas.
- ❖Secondary Prevention – activities that detect early symptoms of disease and promotes health maintenance for patient’s symptoms; goal is to reverse or reduce the severity of the disease or provide a cure.
❖Tertiary Prevention - focus on stopping progression of disease and return the individual to optimal functioning.
