Observational Techniques (D) Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is a controlled observation?
- An observation where the researcher controls situational variables (ie the surroundings) and EVs
- using a standardized procedure
Evaluate controlled observations
ADV: Control over EVs
DIS: They lack ecological validity
What is a naturalistic observation?
- An observation where the researcher observes participants in natural, every day life settings
Evaluate naturalistic observation
ADV: They have high ecological validity
DIS: There are many uncontrolled variables
What is an overt observation?
When participants know they’re being observed for a research study
What is a covert observation?
When participants don’t know they’re being observed for a research study
Evaluate covert observations
ADV: Unethical, because no informed consent can be obtained
Evaluate overt observations
DIS: More likely to be affected by social desirability biases and investigator effects
What is a participant observation?
When the researcher takes part in the study eg: sitting in the class and doing all assigned work and homework
What is a non-participant observation?
When the researchers does not take part in the study eg: sitting in a corner and observing the students in lesson
Evaluate participant observations
ADV: Greater insight into the participants’ experiences
DIS: Increases likelihood of investigator effects
Evaluate non-participant observations
ADV: Decreases likelihood of investigator effects
DIS: increase likelihood of demand characteristics
Explain event sampling
When researcher counts the frequency of an event
Explain time sampling
When researchers categorise behaviour at equal intervals
Explain behavioural categories
Evaluate observational design
- Observer bias (observers pre-existing beliefs affect results) > Instead use behavioural categories
- Difficulty with accessing people’s thoughts/feelings
