observations + design

Question 1

types of observation

Answer 1

naturalistic, controlled, covert, overt, participant, non participant

Question 2

participant

Answer 2

observer acts as part of the group being watched

Question 3

non participant

Answer 3

experimenter does not become part of the group being observed

Question 4

naturalistic

Answer 4

observations take place in a natural situation

Question 5

controlled

Answer 5

some variables are controlled and manipulated by the experimenter

Question 6

overt

Answer 6

pp’s know their being observed and why

Question 7

covert

Answer 7

observation is kept secret from the participants

Question 8

ao3 naturalistic

Answer 8

high external validity and findings can be applied to everyday life
lack of control so hard to replicate

Question 9

ao3 controlled

Answer 9

easier to replicate
cant be applied to everydsy

Question 10

covert ao3

Answer 10

removes demand characteristics which increases internal validity - don’t know theyre being watched
unethical as no consent

Question 11

overt ao3

Answer 11

may have demand characteristics
more ethical

Question 12

participant ao3

Answer 12

high external validity as observer can see from pps eyes
may lose objectivity as observer identifies too strongly

Question 13

non particpant

Answer 13

remains objectivity
may lose valuable insight

Question 14

unstrcutured observation

Answer 14

everything that is seen gets noted down - provides rich detail but only used in small samples

Question 15

strucutrued observation

Answer 15

have target behaviours to look out for

Question 16

event sampling

Answer 16

counting number of times a behaviour occurs

Question 17

time sampling

Answer 17

counting behaviour in a set time frame

Question 18

inter observer reliability

Answer 18

observations should be carried out by at least two researchers to reduce bias and results can be checked for reliability