Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome and Neuromuscular Respiratory Failure Flashcards
What is OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA SYNDROME (OSAS)?
Recurrent Closure of Upper Airway (Pharyngeal Closure/Collapse)
Leading to Apnoea (Temporary Cessation of Breathing) during Sleep
What are the CAUSES of OSAS?
1) Muscle Relaxation
2) Narrowed Pharynx
3) Obesity
4) Smoking
5) Excessive Alcohol Consumption
What are the CLINICAL FEATURES of OSAS?
1) Heavy Snoring
2) Sleep Disturbance
3) Daytime Somnolence
4) < Daytime Concentration
What are the POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES of UNTREATED OSAS?
1) Impaired Quality of Life
2) Marital Dysharmony
3) Hypertension
4) Stroke
5) Heart Disease
How can OSAS be DIAGNOSED?
1) History-Taking and Examination
2) Epworth Questionnaire
3) Overnight Sleep Studies, i.e. ‘Overnight Oximetry’
What does a SCORE of 0-5 on the OSAS SEVERITY SCALE indicate?
Normal - No Further Investigation Required
What does a SCORE of 5-15 on the OSAS SEVERITY SCALE indicate?
Mild OSA
What does a SCORE of 15-30 on the OSAS SEVERITY SCALE indicate?
Moderate OSA
What does a SCORE of >30 on the OSAS SEVERITY SCALE indicate?
Severe OSA
What does OVERNIGHT OXIMETRY MEASURE?
Number of Desaturations Per Hour
How can OSAS be MANAGED?
1) Lifestyle Modifications
- < Weight
- Avoid Alcohol
- Smoking Cessation
2) Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
3) Mandibular Repositioning Splint
4) Avoid Tobacco Smoke
What should patients with OSAS be ADVISED NOT TO DO?
Drive and Inform the DVLA
What is the TREATMENT of CHOICE for OSAS in CHILDREN?
Adenotonsillectomy
What are the NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS associated with RESPIRATORY MUSCLE WEAKNESS?
1) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)/Motor Neurone Disease
2) Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy
What are the MAIN TREATMENTS for RESPIRATORY NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS?
1) Domicillary Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV)
2) O2 Therapy
