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ORAL BIOLOGY MEDTERM OCCLUSION > OCCLUSION > Flashcards

OCCLUSION Flashcards

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1
Q

what is occlusion?

A

the contact relationship between the maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth when the jaws are in a fully closed position, as well as the relationship between the teeth in the same arch. It develops with primary teeth

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2
Q

what factors are involved in occlusion?

A

associated musculature, neuromuscular patterns, TMJ functioning, and different habit pattern such as mouth breathing tongue thrusting etc.

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3
Q

are properly aligned teeth relatively self cleansing?

A

yes

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4
Q

what do teeth out of alignment effect?

A

the function of teeth and the periodontium, the teeth and periodontium can withstand a lot of stress but excessive stress from parafunctional habits, malaignment (genetics) , and injury results in microscopic changes in the periodontium and aids in periodontitis so dental treatment must consider this

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5
Q

what is normal occlusion?

A

it includes 138 occlusal contacts for permanent dentition with 32 teeth this occlusion is rare but should be considered in all treatment plans, but realistically use centric occlusion as standard

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6
Q

what is centric occlusion?

A

or habitual occlusion is the voluntary position of the dentition that allows the maximum contact when the teeth occlude

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7
Q

do most people have discrepancies in centric occlusion?

A

yes, most people have discrepancies between maxilla and mandible or TMJ

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8
Q

in centric occlusion all teeth occlude with 2 teeth in opposing arch expect which teeth?

A

except mandibular centrals and maxillary third molars

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9
Q

what does occluding prevent?

A

supraeruption of teeth, or teeth that continue to grow and overtime tipping occurs (mesial drift)

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10
Q

what is overjet?

A

the amount the maxillary teeth overhang (horizontally) to the mandibular teeth (how far front teeth go over bottom teeth)

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11
Q

how is overjet measured?

A

measures in mm with probe perpendicular to teeth in centric occlusion from labial mandibular incisor to lingual of maxillary incisor. It is common to have 1-3 mm of overjet

excess in malocclusion is equally common between genders

thumb sucking can effect this (parafunctional habbit)

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12
Q

what is overbite?

A

in centric occlusion is the amount maxillary teeth overhang (vertically) mandibular teeth

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13
Q

how is overbite measured?

A

measured in mm in centric occlusion with probe first perpendicular to teeth then upon opening, vertically from that point of mandicular incisor to incisal edge of incisor, usually 2-5 mm

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14
Q

what is the policy at CSN for overbite measurements?

A

do not measure mild=up to 1/3 overlap, moderate=1/3-2/3 overlap, or severe=more than 2/3 overlap

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15
Q

overjet vs overbite

A
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16
Q

what is a contact area?

A

promixal surface where teeth abut (touch)

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17
Q

what do contact areas do?

A

protect gingiva and papilla, and stablize teeth

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18
Q

what do open contact areas do?

A

allow food impaction from plunging cusps which can traumatize pailla and gingiva, open contacts are bad

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19
Q

what should dental restorations include?

A

good conact areas and increase tooth stability

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20
Q

are overbites more commin in males or females?

A

females

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21
Q

are overjets more common in males or females?

A

they are equal

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22
Q

do overjet and overbite dimish with age?

A

yes, because of the mandibular growth and incisal wear

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23
Q

what is an underbite?

A

when the mandibular arch extends forward beyond the maxillary arch

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24
Q

what are the 3 arch forms? what do arch forms do?

A

anterior (anterior teeth) middle (premolars) and posterior (molars)

allow arches to overlap slightly so that canines and first molars are cooperating in more than one segment, canines and first molars function as anchor supports in both arches

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25
what does the anterior arch form include?
it is a curved line where canines function as the arch supporters because they are the longest and strongest roots
26
what does the middle arch include?
includes the pre-molars and is a straight line
27
what does the posterior arch include?
includes the molars, is a straight line, and the first molars function as the arch supporters because they are the biggest and strongest roots
28
what are primate spaces?
diastemas between primary teeth that allow for future space for larger permamanet teeth, especially first mandibular molar
29
where do primate spaces occur?
between maxillary lateral and canine, and between mandibular first molar and canine
30
when can evaluation of anterior spacing be done by?
age 7 or 8, not futher growth will occur in anteriors after this time
31
what is leeway space?
the result of the larger primary molars being replaced by smaller permanat pre-molars (difference in size mesiodistally) the permamanet pre-molars dont feel up as much space when they come in. This arch space allow for future forward movement of the permanaent molars
32
what occurs during the phases of arch development?
happen when permaent teeth erupt and primary teeth are shed, during this time the jaw undergoes development, growth, and lengthening to accommodate permanent dentition, the sequence is important for space maintaince, attrition reduces mesial-distal dimensions, which reduce arch length over time-shifting and mesial drift may cause crowding
33
what teeth erupt during phase one?
first molars
34
what do the first molars do?
stablize occlusion, add to chewing function and jaw development while child grows rapidly, support jaws as primary teeth are being shed and permanent teeth are replacing them
35
true or false: teeth are not sqaure and flat and the occlusal plane is not straight
true
36
what is the curve of spee?
it is the anteroposterior curvatures that is produced by the curved alighment of all the teeth and is especially when viewing the posterior teeth from the buccal view. It is the smile line on the panoramic x-ray) maxilary arch is convex; mandibular arch is concave; curve of posterior arches
37
what is the curve of wilson?
is the lateral curve of occlusal table formed by lingual inclination of posterior teeth (lingual cusps lower than buccal) mandibular teeth tilt lingually and form the curve of wilson, side to side curve
38
what part of a tooth represents a curved surface?
every third of a tooth
39
what is the root Axis Line (RAL)?
the long axis od a tooth that lines up woth the compressive forces that the tooth will experience, consideration when restoring teeth, taking radiographs
40
what are escapement spaces?
cusps, ridges, fossa, sulci, grooves, and embrasures that allow food to escape during mastication and is necessary for efficent occlusion during mastication- consideration when restoring teeth
41
what are centric stops?
when teeth are in centric occlusion, they should have maximal interdigitation with the locking of the two arch positions
42
what are they three areas of centric contacts?
height of cusp contour marginal ridges central fossae these are the places on teeth where when other teeth touch(biting down) it stops them
43
what are supporting cusps?
these are the height of cusp contour for centric stops and function during centric occlusion
44
what are the maxillary posterior teeth supporting cusps?
lingual cusps
45
what are the mandibular posterior teeth supporting cusp?
buccal cusp
46
what are the mandibular anteriors supporting cusps?
incisal edges
47
how can you check centric stops?
with articulating paper when restoring or sealing
48
LUBL
lingual uppers buccal lowers
49
how can cenric stops change?
with attrition and golden proporation (phi 1.618) of vertical dimension; occlusal wear facets
50
what does iatrogenic mean?
when we messed up in dentistry
51
what are the golden proporations of A, B, C
A=1; B=.618; C=1 1. 6:1 1. 6:1 1. 6:1
52
what is centric relation?
when mandible is in most retruded position that clinician can achieve by gently moving mandible back several times until muscles relax and allow, should place teeth within 1 mm of centric occlusion. Occurs when you relax all your facial muscles there should be a 1mm to 3 mm gap and then you tap their chin up for them. hard to achieve clinically we bite in centric occlusion **not** centric relation
53
what do pre-mature contacts do?
shift from centric relation to centric occlusion, happens when one or two teeth initially contact before the other teeth
54
what is lateral occlusion?
lateral movement of mandible (side to side) until canines are cusp to cusp (called caine rise) on working side (other side is called balancing side) no other teeth should contact during lateral movement
55
what is considered the working side?
the side you chew on
56
what is considered the balancing side?
the side you are not chewing on
57
what are balancing intereferences?
happens if canines are too worn to meet, have group of posterior teeth meet on balancing side
58
what is protrusive occlusion?
happens as mandible is moved forward, all central and lateral incisors should meet edge to edge. examle is bitting into a sandwhich
59
what is interocclusal clearance, or freeway space?
happens when the mandible is in rest position, an average of 2 to 3 mm is noted between the masticatory surface of the maxillary and mandibular teeth
60
what is malocclusion?
lack of ideal centric occlusion includes 80% of population is often hereditary; usually crowding; also overjet, symmetry, gender, midline position, negative space (dark area) malocclusion affects apperance and oral hygiene care is corrected through ortho and speech therapists (helps with tongue thrusting) , early intervention is usually the best
61
what is angle's classification of malocclusion?
it is a simple classification system of malocclusions that only includes the molars and canines of permanent dentition, other classifications do not fit in, is **not** a dianosis just a classification system
62
what is the class I occlusion?
the ideal relationship of the jaws and arches
63
how should the first molars occlude in class I?
the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar should occlude with the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar
64
how should the canines occlude in class I?
the maxillay canine occludes with distal half of mandibular canine and mesial half of mandibular first pre-molar
65
what is the term for a class I occlusion?
mesognathic profile (flat or straight)
66
can class I still have malocclusions?
yes, may still have crowding of anterior or diastemas-due to disproportion between size of teeth and size of arch, mesial drift, ovebite, open bite, end-to-end or edge-to-edge bite, crossbite, labioversion, linguoversion
67
what is a tendency?
when a persons occlusion is inbetween two classes
68
in class II malocclusion how are the molars occluded?
mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary right first molar occludes mesial to the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar **by more than the width of a pre-molar**
69
how do the canines occlude in a class II occlusion?
the distal surface of mandibular canine is distal to mesial surface of maxillay canine by **at least the width of a pre-molar**
70
for class II malocclusion is either the canine or the first molar is less than the width of a pre-molar it is called?
class I tendency to a class II
71
what happens in class II division I?
maxillary anteriors excessively protrude facially from mandibular anteriors, mandibular anteriors may over-erupt, may have overbit, palate may be narrow and V shaped (vaulted palate) instead of curved
72
what is calss II division I called?
retrognathic profile (protruding upper lip, recessive mandible and chin, mandible goes back)
73
what happens in class II division II?
maxillary centrals are upright and or retruded but maxillary laterals may tip labially or overlap centrals, causes deep overbite with a normal palate dont extract teeth in class II division II
74
what is a class II division II called?
mesognathic profile (may have prominent chin)
75
how are the molars occluded in class III malocclusion?
mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar occludes distal to mesiobuccal groove of mandibular first molar by more than a pre-molar width
76
how are the canines occluded in a class III malocclusion?
distal surface of mandibular canine is mesial is mesial to mesial surface of maxillary canine by at least width of a pre-molar
77
In a class III tendency if either molar or canine is less than width of a premolar it will then be called?
class I tendency to a class III
78
a class III malocclusion is called?
prognathic profile (mandibular incisor in complete crossbite, have a underbite, chin is protruded out sometime retrusive maxilla, have to have surgery to fix
79
what are subdivisons of malocclusion?
when classifications are asymmetrical
80
class I, II, III profiles
81
in primary occlusion what is the canine relationship?
the same as the permanent dentition
82
in primay occlusion how are the molars?
either in flush terminal plane, mesial step, or distal step
83
what is flush terminal plane?
in primary dentition maxillary and mandibular second molars at end-to-end; allow correct spacing for eruption of permanent molars
84
what is the mesial step?
in primary dentition mandibular second molar is mesial to maxillary molar; allows correct spacing for erution of permanent molars
85
fush terminal plan vs mesial plane
86
what is the distal step?
in primary dentiton is **malocclusion** mandibular second molar is distal to maxillary second molar; does not allow for correct permanent molar placement
87
what are parafunctional habits?
chronic use of movements that are not within noraml rage used for mstication, speech, or respiration. Habits requie retraining, appliances, relaxation techniques, speech therapy
88
what is clenching?
clenching teeth in centric occlusion for a long period of time without breaking into a mandibular rest position or interocclusal clearance
89
what is bruxism?
grinding, causes attrition
90
what is abfraction?
controversial theory that dentinal tubules pop out of teeth, if exposed, due to occlusal forces
91
what can thumb sucking or finger sucking cause?
causes open bite, vaulted palate, callous on thumb or finger
92
what is an open bite?
when anterior teeth do not occlude
93
what is an end-to-end bite
in which the teeth occlude without the maxillary teeth overlapping the mandibular jaw
94
what is a cross-bite?
occurs when a mandibular tooth or teeth are placed facially to a maxillary tooth or teeth
95

ORAL BIOLOGY MEDTERM OCCLUSION (1 decks)

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