occupational lung disease - coal worker, silicosis, asbestosis

Question 1

how do these occur

Answer 1

exposure to dusts, gases, vapours and fumes at work

Question 2

what can cause acute bronchitis and pulmonary oedema

Answer 2

irritants such as sulphur dioxide, chlorine, ammonia

Question 3

what causes pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 3

mineral dust

Question 4

what does pneumoconiosis mean

Answer 4

the accumulation of dust in the lung and the reaction of the tissue to its presence

Question 5

what are the symptoms like

Answer 5

COPD

if they get COPD they get compensation

Question 6

what can pneumoconiosis progress to

Answer 6

fibrosis

Question 7

what do patients with massive fibrosis develop

Answer 7

round fibrotic masses

Question 8

what jobs can lead to silicosis

Answer 8

• stonemason
• sand-blaster
• pottery
• ceramic
• foundry workers

Question 9

what causes silicosis

Answer 9

inhalation of silica (silicon dioxide)

Question 10

how much silica is enough to kill.

Answer 10

3g

(compared to 30g is needed of copper to cause issues(

Question 11

what is silica toxic to

Answer 11

alveolar macrophages

Question 12

what does silica initiate

Answer 12

fibrogenesis

Question 13

what is seen on chest x-ray of silicosis

Answer 13

• streaks of calcification

= egg shell calcification

Question 14

what is asbestos

Answer 14

mixture of silicates of iron, magnesium, nickel, cadmium and aluminium

Question 15

what does asbestos occur. as

Answer 15

a fibre

Question 16

what is asbestos resistant to

Answer 16

• heat
• acid
• alkali

Question 17

what is asbestos used for

Answer 17

• roofing
• insulation
• fire proofing

Question 18

what are main types of asbestos

Answer 18

• chrysotile (main)
• crocidolite
• amosite

Question 19

what colour is chrysotile

Answer 19

white

Question 20

what colour is crocidolite

Answer 20

blue

Question 21

what type of asbestos is most likely to cause asbestosis and mesothelioma

Answer 21

crocidolite

Question 22

what is crocidolite resistant to

Answer 22

macrophage and neutrophil enzymatic destruction

Question 23

what job causes asbestos exposure

Answer 23

• shipbuilding yards

- power stations

Question 24

how long between exposure and disease

Answer 24

20-40 years

Question 25

what cancer does asbestos usually cause

Answer 25

adenocarcinoma

Question 26

what can asbestos cause on lung

Answer 26

- pleural plaques - effusions - bilateral diffuse pleural thickening - mesothelioma - asbestosis - carcinoma of bronchus

Question 27

what is seen on chest x-ray of asbestosis

Answer 27

- diffuse bilateral streaky shadows | - honeycomb lung

Question 28

definition of asbestosis

Answer 28

fibrosis of the lungs caused by asbestos dust

Question 29

symptoms of asbestosis

Answer 29

- breathlessness - finger clubbing - bilateral end-inspiratory crackles

Question 30

what can show fibrosis when CXR cant

Answer 30

HRCT

Question 31

treatment of asbestosis

Answer 31

none corticosteroids sometimes prescribed

Question 32

what is most common presentation of mesothelioma

Answer 32

pleural effusion persistent chest wall pain

Question 33

diagnosis of mesothelioma

Answer 33

video-assisted thoracoscopic pleural biopsy

Question 34

treatment of mesothelioma

Answer 34

chemo with surgery prognosis is very poor

Question 35

what causes byssinosis

Answer 35

cotton mills

Question 36

when do symptoms of byssinosis occur

Answer 36

on first day back at work after a break

Question 37

symptoms of byssinosis

Answer 37

- tightness in chest - cough - breathlessness

Question 38

who is affected by cotton dust exposure

Answer 38

asthmatics

Question 39

what is beryllium jobs

Answer 39

- aerospace - atomic reactors - electrical devices

Question 40

what is berylliosis similar to

Answer 40

sarcoidosis

Question 41

symptoms of berylliosis

Answer 41

- progressive dyspnoea | - pulmonary fibrosis

Question 42

what is Caplan syndrome due to

Answer 42

occupational dust inhalation

Question 43

where is Caplan syndrome mostly

Answer 43

in right atrium

Question 44

who else gets Caplan syndrome

Answer 44

- silica | - asbestos

Question 45

what is seen on CXR of Caplan syndrome

Answer 45

round nodules

Question 46

what does Caplan syndrome precede

Answer 46

fibrosis