Occupational Lung Dz

Question 1

How does beryllium damage the lung?

Answer 1

immune responses causes granulomatous lung inflammation

Question 2

This is an upper lobe predominant nodular interstitial lung disease can progress to diffuse fibrotic lung disease Sometimes see calcified mediastinal lymph nodes (classic “egg shell calcification” on chest imaging)

Answer 2

simple silicosis

Question 3

What are the major determinants of site and severity of lung disease?

Answer 3

• dose (duration x concentration)
• solubility
• particle size

Question 4

What is the tx for silicosis?

Answer 4

lung transplant

Question 5

What is Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS)?

Answer 5

Airway epithelial injury from exposure to inhalants with irritant properties, leading to persistent bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airflow obstruction caused by exposure to noxious irritant gas/vapor/dusts

Question 6

Name something known to cause Occupational Asthma (OA).

Answer 6

auto body work with spray paint

Question 7

This is a disease from airway epithelial injury from exposure to inhalants with irritant properties, leading to persistent bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airflow obstruction that was caused by exposure to noxious irritant gas/vapor/dusts

Answer 7

Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS)

Question 8

Where does asbestos preferentially affect?

Answer 8

the lower lobes

Question 9

This disease is characterized by:

• variable airflow obstruction
• airway hyperresponsiveness
• airway inflammation
• ***attributable to a particular occupational exposure.

Answer 9

occupational asthma

Question 10

Name a marker for asbestos exposure on CXR.

Answer 10

Discrete, circumscribed areas of pleural thickening and calcification

Question 11

____% of COPD is due to occupational causes.

Answer 11

15

Question 12

What is Constrictive / Obliterative Bronchiolitis?

Answer 12

Pathologic injury of small airways with extrinsic or intrinsic bronchiolar narrowing due to proliferation of granulation tissue

Question 13

How is Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS) different than occupational asthma?

Answer 13

No Latency in RADS– symptom onset within 24-48 hours of exposure

Question 14

Smokers exposed to asbestos have a _____x greater risk of lung cancer than nonsmokers never exposed to asbestos.

Answer 14

50

Question 15

How does hypersensitivity pneumonitis damage the lung?

Answer 15

via a T-cell-mediated immune response with antigen-specific antibodies

Question 16

This is a disease from pathologic injury of small airways with extrinsic or intrinsic bronchiolar narrowing due to proliferation of granulation tissue.

Answer 16

Constrictive / Obliterative Bronchiolitis

Question 17

Name something that is known to cause Constrictive/ Obliterative Bronchiolitis.

Answer 17

flavor worker’s lung disease

Question 18

Occupational asthma accounts for up to _____% of adult asthma.

Answer 18

15

Question 19

How does acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis present?

Answer 19

• flu-like (fevers, chills, myalgias)
• respiratory illness (dyspnea, cough, chest tightness)

Question 20

Name something that is known to cause Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS).

Answer 20

chlorine exposure

Question 21

Name an occupational exposure that is known to cause Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Answer 21

coal mining

Question 22

What is Occupational Asthma?

Answer 22

Disease characterized by:

• variable airflow obstruction
• airway hyperresponsiveness
• airway inflammation
• ***all attributable to a particular occupational exposure

Question 23

This is an interstitial lung disease, similar to silicosis, that is caused by inhalation of coal mine dust.

Answer 23

Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis

Question 24

What is simple silicosis?

Answer 24

• an upper lobe predominant nodular interstitial lung disease can progress to diffuse fibrotic lung disease
• Sometimes see calcified mediastinal lymph nodes (classic “egg shell calcification” on chest imaging)

Question 25

What is the tx for chronic beryllium disease?

Answer 25

inhaled steroids

Question 26

How does asbestos cause damage in the lungs?

Answer 26

• Direct toxic effects of fibers on pulmonary parenchymal cells
• release of various mediators (reactive oxygen species, proteases, cytokines, and growth factors) by inflammatory cells
• Free radical damage

Question 27

_____ and ______ are the most common occupational lung disease in developed countries.

Answer 27

• Occupational asthma
• asbestos-related lung disease

Question 28

_____ accounts for up to 15% of adult asthma.

Answer 28

Occupational asthma

Question 29

Silicosis increases risk of getting ____.

Answer 29

Tb

Question 30

What is the treatment for pleural effusion?

Answer 30

thoracentesis

Question 31

What causes Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?

Answer 31

• animal proteins (esp birds)
• fungi, bacteria
• hot tubs and pools
• isocyanates

Question 32

What is Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis?

Answer 32

an interstitial lung disease, similar to silicosis, that is caused by inhalation of coal mine dust