Oceanography

Question 1

Soil

Answer 1

Mixture of rock fragments and organic material that supports vegetation

Question 2

Karst topography

Answer 2

Landscape that has been dissolved to form caves, sinkholes, springs, and streams.

Question 3

Watershed

Answer 3

Area of land that water leads to. Basain/drainage

Question 4

Porosity

Answer 4

The amount of water a material can hold.

Question 5

Gyre

Answer 5

A large system of rotating ocean currents.

Question 6

Sinkhole

Answer 6

Depression/hole that is formed by bedrock dissolving and the top layer collapsing in

Question 7

Levee

Answer 7

Flood barriers, natural or artificial.

Question 8

Permeability

Answer 8

The amount of water that can pass through a material

Question 9

Cave

Answer 9

Natural underground opening from rock dissolving (type of karst topography)

Question 10

Delta

Answer 10

A “mouth” of a river where it opens up and deposits it sediments.

Question 11

Impermeability

Answer 11

When no water can pass through a material- ex. clay (very impermeable=holds lots of water)

Question 12

Aquifer

Answer 12

Where water can easily travel through permeable layers (NOT AN UNDERGROUND RIVER OR LAKE)

Question 13

Foodplain

Answer 13

Land around a river or stream that gets flooded very easily and frequently- dangerous.

Question 14

What percentage of water on Earth is salty? (Oceanography)

Answer 14

97%

Question 15

What percentage of water on Earth is fresh? (Oceanography)

Answer 15

3%

Question 16

List the three places convection is found on Earth. (Oceanography)

Answer 16

Oceans, atmosphere (winds), and earth’s interior (mantle, crust, ect.)

Question 17

Identify the organism that is the most important source of atmospheric oxygen. (Oceanography)

Answer 17

Algae

Question 18

How is soil formed?

Answer 18

Weathering of rocks and organic activity and is composed of loose rock fragments and clay derived from weathered rock mixed with organic material. Soil is a result of chemical weathering, mechanical weathering, and biological activity

Question 19

Place the soil textures in order from smallest grain to largest grain: boulder, clay, gravel, sand, silt

Answer 19

Clay, Slit, Sand, Gravel, Boulder

Question 20

Larger grain-size sediments have a higher or lower permeability.

Answer 20

Higher because water can seep through the pores faster because the grains are farther apart.

Question 21

Larger grain-size sediments have a higher or lower porosity?

Answer 21

Grain size has no relationship to porosity. T][lhe higher the pore space the higher the porosity.

Question 22

Differentiate between the permeability and porosity of clay versus sand.

Answer 22

Clay is very porous because the grain size is very small so it has a lot of pore space, but the permeability is very low because the pores are extremely small so water can’t easily pass through. Sand has a high permeability because the pores are larger. The

Question 23

How is Karst topography formed?

Answer 23

Dissolved bedrock (limestone or dolomite) from acidic water

Question 24

Caves are mostly made of what type of sedimentary rock?

Answer 24

Limestone

Question 25

What Virginia province is Karst topography?

Answer 25

Valley and Ridge

Question 26

Identify three features that form because of a meandering river.

Answer 26

Oxbow lakes, levees (formed from sediment build up on the sides of the curved river), and floodplains.

Question 27

What is a delta? Explain how it is formed and its shape.

Answer 27

Land flattens out and water slows down and fans out. Can be a lake, ocean, or wetland.

Question 28

Tell why floodplains are fertile.

Answer 28

Because the floodwater that comes from the river is rich in nutrients from the sediment.

Question 29

Identify a gyre and explain why they move the way they do. (Oceanography)

Answer 29

Three forces cause the circulation of a gyre: global wind patterns, Earth's rotation, and Earth's landmasses. Wind drags on the ocean surface, causing water to move in the direction the wind is blowing. Earth's rotation deflects or changes the direction of, these wind-driven currents.

Question 30

Identify upwelling and explain why this process occurs and what it provides. (Oceanography)

Answer 30

A process in which deep, cold water rises toward the surface. Winds blowing across the ocean surface push water away. Water then rises up from beneath the surface to replace the water that was pushed away. The nutrients that result from upwelling fertilize the water thus causing high biological activity making it better for fishing grounds.

Question 31

Explain two effects that occur when oceans have exceeded its limit to hold carbon. Give supporting evidence.

Answer 31

Makes the water more acidic; Puts marine life at danger

Question 32

List one negative impact humans have on the water environment, explain how this occurs, and describe at least one solution to the problem.

Answer 32

Climate change