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ochem Flashcards

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AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards
1
Q

reduction

A
  1. LiAlH4 in dry ether (nitrile, aldehyde, ketone, carbox. acid, amide)
  2. H2, Ni catalyst, high P (alkene, nitrile, aldehyde, ketone)
  3. Sn, conc. HCl, heat followed by NaOH (aq) (nitrobenzene)
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2
Q

oxidation

A
  1. KMnO4, NaOH (aq), cold (alkene - mild oxidation)
  2. KMnO4, H2SO4 (aq), heat (alkene - oxidative cleavage, alkyl benzene, alcohol, aldehyde)
  3. K2Cr2O7, heat w imm dist (1º alcohol)
  4. K2Cr2O7, heat under reflux (2º alcohol, aldehyde)
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3
Q

Br2 (aq)

A
  1. alkene
  2. phenol
  3. phenylamine
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4
Q

Br2 (l)

A
  1. alkene (in CCl4)
  2. alkyl benzene (w FeBr3/ Fe)
  3. phenol (in CCl4)
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5
Q

HX

A
  1. HBr (g) (alkene)
  2. conc. HBr, heat (1/2º alcohol)
  3. conc. HCl, ZnCl2, heat (1/2º alcohol)
  4. conc HCl, rt (3º alcohol)
  5. HCl (aq) (amine)
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6
Q

H2SO4

A
  1. conc. H2SO4 followed by H2O (l), warm (alkene)
  2. excess conc. H2SO4, heat (1/2º alcohol)
  3. H2SO4 (aq), heat (nitrile, amide)
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7
Q

HNO3

A
  1. conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4, maintained at 55ºC/ 30ºC (benzene/ alkyl benzene)
  2. HNO3 (aq) (phenol)
  3. conc HNO3 (phenol)
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8
Q

NaOH

A
  1. NaOH (aq) (phenol, carboxylic acid, acyl chloride)
  2. NaOH (aq), heat (nitrile, amide, halogenoalkane)
  3. ethanolic NaOH, heat (halogenoalkane)
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9
Q

Na (s)

A

alcohol, phenol, carboxylic acid

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10
Q

NaCO3/ NaHCO3

A

carboxylic acid

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11
Q

PCl5/ PCl3/ SOCl2, heat

A

alcohol, carboxylic acid

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12
Q

PBr3/ NaBr w conc. H2SO4

A

alcohol

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13
Q

I2

A
  1. I2, P, heat (alcohol)
  2. I2, NaOH (aq), heat (alcohol, aldehyde/ketone)
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14
Q

NH3

A
  1. ethanolic NH3, heat in sealed tube (halogenoalkane)
  2. NH3 (aq) (carboxylic acid)
  3. NH3 (acyl chloride)
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15
Q

KCN

A
  1. HCN trace KCN (aldehyde/ ketone)
  2. ethanolic KCN, heat (halogenoalkane)
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16
Q

test for aldehyde

A
  1. 2,4 - DNPH (orange ppt)
  2. tollens reagent (silver mirror)
  3. fehlings reagent - only aliphatic aldehyde (brick red ppt)
17
Q

test for ketone

A

2,4 - DNPH

18
Q

neutral FeCl3

A

alcohol, phenol
violet colouration observed

19
Q

friedal crafts alkylation

A
  1. CH3Cl, AlCl3 (benzene)
20
Q

H2O (l)

A

acyl chloride

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