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OCN 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

EGFR

A

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
-Mutations common in NSCLC
-especially adenocarcinomas

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2
Q

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

A

Caused by rapid cell death
- releases intracellular ions and metabolites

-HyPERkalemia
-HyPERphosphatemia
-HyPOcalcemia
-Acute Uric Acid Nephropathy

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3
Q

Mature Lymphocytes

A

CLL
Functionally incompetent but morphologically mature lymphocytes found in peripheral blood

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4
Q

Overexpression of RANK and PTHrP (Parathyroid hormone related peptide)

A

Osteolytic activity

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5
Q

Endothelin-I

A

Overexpression of endothelin-I by tumor cells promotes osteoblastic activity
-deposits new bone matrix
-leads to bone pain
-specifically in bone mets in prostate cancer

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6
Q

CD20 (associated with…)

A

Lymphoma

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7
Q

HER2/neu (associated with…)

A

Breast Cancer

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8
Q

Mesothelioma risk factors

A

-Asbestos exposure
-Smoking

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9
Q

Highest Global Incidence Rate

A

Breast Cancer
(Lung Ca 2nd)

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10
Q

Most significant preventable risk factor worldwide

A

Tobacco use
-associated with lung, throat, stomach, bladder ca etc…

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11
Q

Largest Melanoma risk factor

A

UV exposure
-sunlight and tanning beds

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12
Q

Dietary change to reduce risk of Colorectal CA

A

Increased fiber intake

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13
Q

Purpose of a Cancer Registry

A

Monitor disease patterns and survival rates

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14
Q

Geographical area with highest incidence of gastric cancers

A

East Asia
-link to high H.Pylori prevalence

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15
Q

Major risk factor for liver cancer

A

Chronic Hepatitis B and C infections
-chronic inflammation and eventual liver cirrhosis can progress to cancer

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16
Q

Consistently linked to increased overall cancer risk

A

Physical Inactivity

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17
Q

Leading cause of lung cancer in non smokers

A

Radon gas
-natural but radioactive gas
-can accumulate in homes built on radon emitting soil

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18
Q

MEN1 Gene Mutations

A

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
-Hereditary condition
-Predisposes to tumors in multiple endocrine glands
-MEN1 gene encodes the protein menin

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19
Q

BRCA1 (associated with…)

A

Mutations linked to HBOC (Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome)

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20
Q

TP53 (associated with…)

A

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Breast Cancer

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21
Q

KRAS (associated with…)

A

Colorectal Cancers

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22
Q

BRCA2 (associated with…)

A

Breast and pancreatic cancers
Prostate cancer in men

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23
Q

Lynch Syndrome (associated with…)

A

Colorectal Cancer and endometrial cancer
-AKA hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)

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24
Q

PALB2 (associated with…)

A

Breast Cancer
-partner and localizer or BRCA2

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25
von Hippel-Lindau disease (associated with...)
Renal Cell Carcinoma -heriditary cancer syndrome associated with mutations in VHL gene
26
RB1 (associated with...)
Retinoblastoma
27
APC (associated with...)
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) -disorder causing hundreds of thousands of polyps in the colon and rectum -potentially leading to colorectal cancer
28
CDH1 (associated with...)
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
29
Proto-Oncogenes when mutated
Become Oncogenes- promoting cell proliferation
30
Enzyme primarily responsible for repair of DNA double strand breaks
BRCA1
31
Epigenetics
Changes in gene expression related to environmental factors
32
Mutations caused by cigarette smoke
Missense mutations
33
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Prevent uncontrolled cell growth Repair mismatched DNA Induce apoptosis ex p53 gene
34
DNA Adducts
Complexes formed between DNA and cancer causing chemicals Can lead to cancer Tobacco smoke forms DNA Adducts
35
Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines
Biennial mammograms starting at 50
36
Primary prostate cancer Screening Tool
PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
37
Cervical Cancer Screening Guideline
Pap every 3 years OR Co-testing PAP and HPV test every 5 years
38
Annual Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)
Detects hidden blood in stool- possible sign of colorectal CA High compliance
39
High Risk melanoma patients screening guidelines
Annual Full Body skin exam by derm
40
High Risk Thyroid CA Screening
Thyroid Ultrasound -Calcitonin and TSH levels can provide information but are not primary screening tools
41
HPV linked to...
Cervical CA
42
Best tx for hormone positive receptor breast CA
Adjuvant hormone therapy
43
Strategy to reduce colorectal CA risk
Increase dietary fiber -Aids in digestion therefore reducing time potential carcinogens are in contact with bowel cells
44
Consuming tomato products (high in lycopene)
Reduce risk of prostate CA -Controversial but studied
45
Reduce risk of endometrial CA
Maintain a healthy weight -excess body fat leads to increased estrogen levels which is associated with endometrial CA
46
Early sign of Colorectal CA
Change in bowel habits
47
Prostate CA screening
PSA levels -start at 40 for men with a family history
48
HRT in post menopausal women
Increase risk of breast CA
49
Common initial symptom of testicular CA
Painless lump in testicle
50
Best imaging for brain tumors
MRI
51
Best diagnostic tool for pancreatic CA
ERCP -best assesses the ducts of pancreas
52
M1 in Ovarian CA
Poor prognosis -focus on palliative care
53
Ovarian CA tumor marker
CA 125
54
Colorectal CA tumor marker
CEA
55
Breast CA tumor marker
CA 15-3
56
Hepatocellular tumor marker
AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein)
57
Testicular CA tumor marker
hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
58
Pancreatic CA tumor marker
CA19-9
59
Lung CA tumor marker
NSE (Neuron- Specific enolase)
60
Germ Cell tumor marker
hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
61
Melanoma tumor marker
S100
62

OCN (1 decks)

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