October half term test (weeks 2-4)

Question 1

What are “new and emerging technologies?”

Answer 1

any new technological developement in recent decades (around 20-30 years ago) Eg. mobile phones, wifi, AI etc.

Question 2

What are consumers

Answer 2

Customers

companies exist to make money from consumers and they need to conisder t

Question 3

What does automation do

Answer 3

Does repetitive tasks in assembly lines rather than a human

more precise, no human errors, does repetitive tasks fast

Question 4

What can robots do instead of humans?

Answer 4

they can be used to substitute humans in hazardous environments (eg. high temperature, toxic fumes, dangerous work)

robots are one part of automation

Question 5

Advantages of robots

just pick two or three to remember :)

Answer 5

• increased efficiency and speed of production
• accurate and consistent output (less waste)
• reduced labour costs and can work 24/7
• ability to work in a variety of environments + doing dangerous work

Question 6

Disadvantages of robots

just pick two or three to remember :)

Answer 6

• replaces workforce leading to some job losses
• no human input/ decision making
• up-skilled workforce to maintain robots
• expensive to set up

Question 7

What is enterprise?

Answer 7

Enterprise is the ability to identify a business opportunity, develop it and make it commercially successful.

Question 8

What is crowd funding?

Answer 8

• use of small amounts of capital from many individuals to finance a new business venture.
• If the venture doesn’t meet the funding target, any funding is usually returned back to the investors.
• (damages reputation of comany if project fails)

Question 9

What is virtual marketing/ retail?

Answer 9

The use of websites, social media, email and digital marketing to reach a wide audience to promote/sell a product, service or idea.

Question 10

What is a cooperative?

Answer 10

an enterprise that is commonly owned and run its members who may comprise its workforce or customers.

Question 11

What is Fair Trade?

Answer 11

An organisation that improves better prices, decent working conditions, and fair terms of trade for farmers and workers in less economically developed countries. (stop the exploitation of workers in poorer countries)

Question 12

Give examples of products that are often protected by Fair Trade

Answer 12

Chocolate, wine, coffee, cotton, bananas etc

Question 13

What is sustainability?

Answer 13

Protecting and maintaining the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

Question 14

What are finite resources?

Answer 14

Resources that are in limited supply and are being used more quickly than can be replaced.

Question 15

What are non-finite resources?

Answer 15

Resources that are in abundant supply and are unlikely to ever to be exhausted. They can be grown or replaced at the rate that they are being used.

Question 16

Examples of non-finite resources

Answer 16

solar, wind, timbers, cotton etc

Question 16

Examples of finite resources

Answer 16

fossil fuels, metal ores, some minerals

Question 17

What is a life cycle assessment?

Answer 17

a way for companies to assess the environmental impact of a product during the different stages of a product’s life.

Question 18

what are the 5 stages of the LCA?

Answer 18

1. extraction and processing (energy used by extracting or processing the raw materials to be ready for manufacturing)
2. manufacturing and production (energy required to manipulate the raw materials into a product ready for sale)
3. distribution (packaging and transport need to take product to end user)
4. use (energy required? disposable?)
5. end of life (landfill or recycled)

Question 19

Waste disposal in companies

Answer 19

• reused interally for alternative parts and products?
• sell recyclable waste? (recoups cost of materials)
• waste can heat and power a business (eg. biomass)

Question 20

cause of global warming in manufacturing

Answer 20

• burning of fossil fuels (increased levels of CO2 cause increase in global temperature and causes extreme weather events)

Question 21

Types of pollution caused by businesses

Answer 21

• use of chemicals in manufacturing pollute water
• plastics end up in the ocean
• burning fossil fuels for transport
• noise, light pollution

Question 22

what is continuous improvement?

Answer 22

small but continuous improvements to processes and workflow = more efficient and effective

Question 23

methods of efficient working

Answer 23

• staff training
  - use of new technologies, automation and reduction of wastage

Question 24

explain what is technology push

Answer 24

when **new technology or materials** become available, designers will utilise it to make a product **before the market is aware of it.** eg. the ipad (at first customers were unsure but then was quickly adopted) - improves existing products or design new products

Question 25

explain what is market pull

Answer 25

when the market needs a product, designers will make something to meet that demand. eg. mobile phones with cameras - focuses on customer need

Question 26

How does automation change job roles?

Answer 26

- automation leads to **reduction of manual labour** or a change in job roles and working conditions - workforce can be retrained for new positions. - automation usually requires fewer skilled employees than the previous number "manual" employees, - **resulting in job loss**

Question 27

What is culture?

Answer 27

An amalgamation of the ideas, beliefs, customs, and social behaviours of a society or group of people. (important for designers to be aware of the society around them and try to understand other cultures)

Question 28

Fashion and trends

Answer 28

they come and go at a very fast pace

Question 29

Faiths and beliefs

Answer 29

Designers must understand how a new product could have wider implications in different cultures.

Question 30

What is inclusive design?

Answer 30

making sure that a product can be used by as many people as possible, regardless of gender, disability or age. eg. making the height of lift buttons shorter for wheelchair users

Question 31

what is a flexible manufacturing system?

Answer 31

A method of production designed to easily adapt to changes in the quantity or type of product being manufactured

Question 32

What is lean manufacturing?

Answer 32

focuses on minimising waste and improving efficiency (reduces waste, time, and materials)

Question 33

What is the just in time production method?

Answer 33

- Manufacturers order materials and components to arrive at factory **"just in time" to be used, rather than buying in bulk and having to pay for storage.** - Also, manufacturers try to make products or batches of products "just in time" for when the customer wants them. - **This saves money as products don't need to be stored before sale.** (saves costs associated with storage.)

Question 34

Advantages of the Just in Time production method.

Answer 34

- products are made to order, saving on storage space. - stock doesn't become old or out of date - more factory space can be utilised for other activities - materials and components are ordered as needed, keeping cash flow in control.

Question 35

Disadvantages of the Just in Time production method.

Answer 35

- The supply chain must be reliable and fast - sales are affected by any delay in deliveries or product failures - costs are higher, ordering in small quantities prevents bulk volume discounts.

Question 36

What is computer aided design (CAD?)

Answer 36

enables designers, engineers and architects to produce precise technical drawings using a computer. (can be used to create 2D drawings or 3D models, easy to edit + acts as a visualisation before manufacture)

Question 37

Advantages of CAD

Answer 37

- accurate designs - changes and corrections can be easily made - software can automate some design tasks - designs can be shared and view simutaneously - designs can be rendered to simulate the final finish - 3D models can be produced from the designs

Question 38

Disadvantages of CAD

Answer 38

- cost of software, hi-spec computer and printer - work may be lost, corrupted or hacked - time taken to learn complex software

Question 39

What is computer aided manufacture (CAM)?

Answer 39

uses computer software to control machine tools and machinery in the manufacturing process. eg. laser cutters. | highly accurate, consistent and reduced waste

Question 40

Ethics of manufacturing

Answer 40

- designers should conduct LCAs to evaluate impact to the environment. (pollution? ethically sourcing materials?) - companies are increasing their environmental and social credentials due to consumer demand - unethical solutions - underpaid labour, compromising safety, or illegal waste disposal

Question 41

The Waste and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) regulations require UK businesses to:

Answer 41

- **minimise waste** from their electrical equipment and promote **reuse** - ensure waste products are **recycled correctly** and meet material recovery targets - design products by **reducing material use** and enhancing **reusability and recyclability** - eg. identical charging cables for different portable electronic devices

Question 42

what is Planned or built in obsolescence

Answer 42

a **deliberate strategy** to ensure that a current version of a product will become out of date or worn out within a given time frame. (eg. making iphones more glitchy after a certain amount of time)

Question 43

How do designers plan to minimise environmental impact at the end of a product's life?

Answer 43

end-of-life system, takeback programmes, recovery and recycling (minimises carbon emissions and use of landfill)

Question 44

What is design for maintenance

Answer 44

when a product is designed for maintenance, it enables parts that have worn out or broken to be replaced (disassembly)

Question 45

What are the advantages of built in obsolescence

Answer 45

- increases demand, encourages customers to buy again - companies use cheaper components, which only need to last as long as the planned life of the product

Question 46

What are the disadvantages of built in obsolescence?

Answer 46

- consumers may complain about having to buy more regularly - bad for the environment