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Alcon > Ocular Anatomy > Flashcards

Ocular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

name the points

A
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2
Q

Sclera

A

Maintains the eye’s shape

Has blood vessels(hard to see)

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3
Q

Iris

A
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4
Q

Cornea

A
  1. Water Repelling
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5
Q

Zonular Fibers

A
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6
Q

Vitreous

A
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7
Q

Retina

A
  1. complex tissue that makes up internal two-thirds of back of eye
  2. innermost layer of eye
  3. detects light and sends sensory information to brain
  4. 10 layers
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8
Q

Crystalline Lens

A
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9
Q

Anterior Segment

A
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10
Q

Posterior Segment

A
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11
Q

Visual Perception

A
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12
Q

What happens when light enters the eye

A
  1. Tear film
  2. Cornea(where 70% of eye’s refractive power is found)
  3. Anterior chamber
  4. Aqueous Humor
  5. Pupil
  6. Crystalline Lens
  7. Vitreous
  8. Retina
  9. Optic Nerve
  10. Brain
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13
Q

Miosis & Mydriasis

A

Miosis - Constriction of pupil

Mydriasis - dilation of pupil(has a d for dilation)

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14
Q

5 layers of cornea

A
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15
Q

Epithelium layer of Cornea

A
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16
Q

Bowman’s membrane layer of Cornea

A
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17
Q

Stroma Layer of Cornea

A
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18
Q

Descemet’s Membrane - Layer of Cornea

A
19
Q

Endothelium layer of Cornea

A
20
Q

Corneal Limbus

A
21
Q

bulbar conjunctiva

A

Part of conjunctiva that covers sclera

Contains blood vessels

22
Q

Palpebral Conjunctiva

A

Part of conjunctiva that lines the eyelids

23
Q

Fornix

A

Area where bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva meet

24
Q

Tear Film - Functions

A
  1. keeps tissue lubricated
  2. acts as a smooth optical surface to provide clear refraction
  3. flushes substances out of the eye
  4. protects against infections
  5. provides nutrients and oxygen
25
Q

Key function of Lipid Layer

A
  1. limit evaporation of aqueous layer
  2. stabilize tear film
  3. prevent dehydration of the corneal epithelium
26
Q

Aqueous and Mucin Compent - Characteristics

A
  1. Makes up most of tear film’s volume
  2. Forms gradient gel with soluble mucins
  3. Heaviest concnetration of mucins at Ocular Surface, denisty decreases as you get closer to lipid layer
  4. Secreted by Main and Accessory Lacrimal Glands
  5. has bacteriostatic properties
27
Q

Key Function of Aqueous Component

A
  1. provide essential nutrients and oxygen to nonvascular cornea
  2. hydrate and provide a smooth optical surface
  3. Assist in removing waste products and debris
28
Q

Main Lacrimal gland versus accessory glands(crying & normal tears)

A

Main lacrimal gland produces crying tears, normal tears produced by accessory glands

29
Q

Ciliary muscle

A

sphincter muscel(shaped like doughnut)

inner diamter gets smaller when contracts, larger when relaxes

when eye looks far, ciliary muscle relaxes, which pulls on zonules, which pull on lens capsule, which cause lens to flatten(less convex), thus enabling lens to focus light on far away object

When eye views object at short distance, ciliary muscle contracts, causes tension to be released on suspensory ligaments and lens capsule, causes lens surface to be more convex

30
Q

3 key layers of retina

A
31
Q

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer

A
32
Q

Rods and Cones

A
33
Q

Macula Lutea

A
34
Q

Fovea

A

Contains only cone photoreceptors

point of sharpest most acute visual activity

35
Q

Limbus

A
36
Q

Location of Main Lacrimal Gland and Accessory Lacrimal Glands

A

Main = Above Eye towards temple

Accessory = Eyelids

37
Q

Lacrimal Glands - Name a few

A
38
Q

Tear Film Thickness

A

7 t0 10 microns

39
Q

What important lipid is in the lipid layer. What do they do?

A

phospholipids - provide stability at the interface between the lipid and aqueous layr

40
Q

Mucin Component of Tear Film

A
  1. Secreted by goblet cells in the conjunctiva
  2. critical to providing protection to the cornea by holding aqueous layer in place
  3. Two Types - membrane bound mucin and soluble mucin
  4. adhere to the corneal epithelial cells
41
Q

Describe two types of mucin

A

Membrane-bound mucin - bound to the surface of the corneal epithelium by sticky layer of glycocalyx

makes corneal surface more wettable

Soluble Mucin - secreted into tear film by conjunctival goblet cells

Interact with membrane-bound mucins to create wettable surface

42
Q

Detailed Components of Aqueous Layer

A
43
Q

Detailed components of Lipid Layer

A
44
Q

Detailed Comonents of Mucin Layer

A

Some acts a viscoelastic Matrix for protection

Others like glue, securing the layers together

Alcon (3 decks)

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