ocular anatomy, pupils, and visual fields

Question 1

Why is the orbital apex relevant

Answer 1

Serves as the entry point for all the vascular and nerve supply to orbital content

Question 2

Where does the superior orbital fissure elie

Answer 2

Between the greater and lesser sphenoid wings

Question 3

What is the annulus of Zinc

Answer 3

Fibrous tendinous ring at the orbital apex which surrounds the optic nerv

Question 4

What are extra ocular muscles supplied by

Answer 4

All supplied by 3rd cranial nerve except superior oblique and lateral rectus

Question 5

What is superior oblique innervated by

Answer 5

4th

Question 6

What is the lateral rectus innervated by

Answer 6

6th

Question 7

Two groups of muscles found inside eye (intraocular muscles)

Answer 7

Iris muscles (sphincter and dilator papillae)
Biliary muscles

Question 8

What does the sphincter papillae do and its innervation

Answer 8

Innervated by 3rd CN
Constricts the pupil

Question 9

What does the dilator papillae do and its innervation

Answer 9

Innervated by sympathetic nerve
Dilates pupil

Question 10

What are ciliary muscles innervated by and their function

Answer 10

3rd CN, relaxation of the zonules leading to accommodation

Question 11

What does the 5th cranial nerve supply

Answer 11

Trigeminal sensory supply to eye, lacrimal gland, eyelids

Question 12

What is the eye and adnexae supplied by

Answer 12

Internal carotid

Question 13

3 layers of the tear film

Answer 13

Mucoid, aqueous, oily

Question 14

Function of mucoid layer of tear film

Answer 14

Improves the wetting properties of tears

Question 15

Function of the aqueous layer of tear film

Answer 15

Produced by main lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands

Question 16

Function of the oily layer of tear film

Answer 16

Helps maintain the vertical tear column between the upper and lower lids and prevents excessive evaporation

Question 17

3 layers coats of eyeball and their 3 different fluids

Answer 17

Outer fibrous coat: cornea, sclera, lamina cribrosa
Middle vascular coat (uvea): iris, ciliary body and choroid
Inner nervous later (retina): retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptors, retinal neurones and supporting cells

Question 18

3 cavities of the eye

Answer 18

Anterior chamber (contains aqueous humour)
POsterior chamber (aqueous)
Vitreous cavity (vitreous humour)

Question 19

3 intraocular fluids

Answer 19

Aqueous humour
Vitreous humour
Blood (within vasculature of retina and uvea)

Question 20

What merges into the dura of the optic nerve

Answer 20

Sclera

Question 21

Function of ciliary body

Answer 21

Production of aqueous humour
Focusing of the lens (accommodation)

Question 22

Function of choroid

Answer 22

Nourishes cute retina

Question 23

What does left superior quadrantanopia indicate

Answer 23

Temporal lobe lesion

Question 24

What does left inferior quadrantanopia indicate

Answer 24

Parietal lobe lesion

Question 25

What does a left homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing indicate

Answer 25

Visual cortex pathology