Ocular Conditions Flashcards
(39 cards)
What are the symptoms of uveitis (iritis)
Painful Red eye SMALLER PUPIL Disorientated pupil Blurred vision Eyes look cloudy Headache
What are the causes of uveitis (iritis)
Unclear
Inflammation of the iris or urea
Affects mainly children and adults
Trauma or immune response potentially
What are the treatments of uveitis (iritis)
Corticosteroid drops
Corticosteroid Injections
Atropine drops
What are the symptoms of blepharitis
Inflammation of eye lids Itchy or burning gritty eyes Difficulty opening eyes Crusty eye lashes Photophobia Loss of eye lashes
What are the causes of blepharitis
Infestation of parasites or demodex mites
Viral or fungal infection rare
Bacterial infection: staphylococcus aureus
Allergic: mascara
What are the treatment options for blepharitis
Topical or oral antibiotics to remove infection
Wash eye lids daily to control symptoms
What are the symptoms of a stye
Swollen or lumpy eye lid with white head in middle
Redness
Swelling and tenderness for couple of days
What are the causes of a stye
Ingrown eye lashes
Staphylococcus infection of sebaceous glands
Recurrent in diabetes
Correlates with stress
How do you treat a stye
Mostly self limiting: better in few days or weeks
Topical antibiotics
What are the symptoms of conjunctivitis
Bilateral or unilateral pain Itchiness Redness of eye Production of sticky discharge Watering eyes
What are the causes of conjuctivtis
Allergic (seasonal): pollen
Bacterial or viral
Dust mites
Make up
Unclean contact lenses
How do you treat conjunctivitis
Normally self limiting and clears up within a couple of weeks
Infected: chloramphenicol or fusidic acid
What is keratitis and its symptoms
Inflammation of the cornea
Discharge
Conjunctival discharge
Red eye
Eye lid oedema
What are the causes of keratitis and its treatment
Fungal (candida) Viral: Herpes Simplex Parasite: Acanthemoba Bacterial: contact lenses Most common blindness cause
Treatment:
Oral or ointment antibiotic or eye drops
What is Ectropion and its symptoms
Condition in which eye lid turns outwards
Symptoms: Permeant watery eyes Eyelid sagging Conjunctival exposure Corneal exposure Pain on ocular surface
What are the causes of Ectropion
Bells palsy
Weakening of eye muscle in region (old people)
Congenital defect
Injury to skin around eye
What are the treatment methods of Ectropion
Mild cases: no treatment
Extreme: surgery
What is Exophthalmos (proptosis) and its symptoms
Abnormal protrusion of eye ball
Symptoms:
Eye lids forced apart
Blurred or double vision
Constant drying and pain of eye
What are the causes of Exophthalmos
Volume of tissue behind eye increasing Graves disease Hyperthyroidism Infection of sinuses One eye protruding: cancer, brain tumour, cyst
What is cataracts and its symptoms
Clouding of lens in eye
Symptoms: Blurriness Gradual decrease in eye sight Colour faded Discomfort in bright lights
What are the risk factors of cataracts and how do you treat it
Smoking
Overexposure to light
STEROIDS (long use time)
Surgery: removal of lens and replacement with artificial one
What is Keratoconjuctivitis sicca and its symptoms
Dry eye syndrome: reduced production of tears
Symptoms: Ocular irritation Typical bilateral presentation Worsens through the day Redness of eyes Complications: scarring, conjunctivitis, light sensitivity, corneal thins
What are the causes of keratoconjuctivtis sicca and treatment
Causes: Environmental factors Concomitant illness Hormonal changes Ageing Tear fluid loss
Treatment:
Ocular lubricant use like carbomer or hydroxyethylcellulose
What is glaucoma and the symptoms
Gradual increased eyeball pressure which leads to eye sight loss
Symptoms: Hazy or blurry vision Impairment of peripheral vision Largely asymptomatic Nausea or vomiting Sudden sight loss
