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Ocular Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemical Burn ?which one more severe ?

A

Alkali ex calcium hydroxide, iscemia –> white scar in cornea

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2
Q

Cornea abrasion caused by trauma

A

sharp pain foreign body sensation , Stain with Fl with NO SEI ( subepithelial infiltrate

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3
Q

how to differentiate between cornea ulcer Vs corneal abrasion

A

Ulcer –> stain with FL + SEI

Abrasion –> stain with NO SEI

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4
Q

penetrating ocular injury

A

1- hyphema
2- + siedle’s sign
3- low IOP
4- commotio retinae

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5
Q

what are the two things u do not perform when pt has hyphema

A

Gonio

scleral depression

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6
Q

what the cause of Idiopathic Hyphemas ?( usually sickle cell)

A

using blood thinner

consider order CBC complete blood count

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7
Q

what test u do not do when pt has metal foreign body

A

DO not order MRI

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8
Q

what signs associate with intraocular foreign body

A

TIDs ( iris transillumination defect)

+ seidel’s test

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9
Q

Orbital fracture ? signs /symp

A

weakest bone is maxillary, crepitus , diplopia , pain

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10
Q

which nerve and muscle affected with orbital fracture ?

A

1- trapped inferior rectus ( limiting upgaze )
2- infraorbital nerve causing hypoesthesia of the cheek
3- preorbital crepitus

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11
Q

vossius ring

A

pigmented ring on the anterior lensresult from the contact with posterior pig epi of iris

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12
Q

choroidal rupture ?

A

subretinal hemes , temporal posterior pole

can lead to CNVM

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13
Q

preceptal cellulitis VS orbital

A 
preceptal :
1- more common 
2- anterior to the septum 
3- acute hordeolum , upper respiratory and ear infection
orbital :
1- posterior to the septum 
3- sinus infection ( ethmoid )
3- treated with IV antibiotic 
4- pain with EOM , fever, APD, diplopia , proptoosis
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14
Q

what diabetes and immunocompromised patient with orbital cellulitis can develop ?

A

mucormycosis ( fungal infection )life threatening and ( BLACK eschar ) in mouth and nose

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15
Q

Thyroid eye disease ?

Grave’s Opthalmopathy ?

A

1- mimic TSH , Symp –> loss hair , loss wight, increase HR, around 40 years old
2- smoking the most risk factor
3- Autoimmune disorder by TSH receptor antibodies against EOMs
3- ( MOST common cause of UNIlateral OR BILateral proptosis in middle age
4- affect inferior rectus first ( I AM SO LASY)

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16
Q

what are the signs of thyroid ? which muscle will affected

A 
1- proptosis , upper lid retraction 
2- staring ( Dalrymple's sign)
3- INferior rectus ( I am so lazy )
inferior > medial > superior >lateral 
4- SLK ( cornea )
4- compress ONH
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17
Q

Van graef’s sign ?

A

upper eye lid lag during down gaze

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18
Q

Kocher’s sign

A

globe lag compared to lid mov, when look up

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19
Q

how to diagnose thyroid ?

A

blood work ( T3 , T4 , TSH

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20
Q

what are the normal hetero exophthalmometry ?

A

12-22 mm for caucasian
12-18 Asian
12-24 African american

Abnormal id difference >3 mm

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21
Q

what is Carotid cavernous fistula ? CCF

Study These Flashcards
A

1- 20 yrs old male , car accident , no hemlit , no itch
1- abnormal communication bet arterial and venous system
build up pressure in caveranous sinus and can not drain fast enough
2- chemosis , pulsatile , proptosis , ocular bruit

22
Q

most commonbenign tumor in children , in adult ?

Study These Flashcards
A

1- in chinldren capillary hemangioma

2- in adult cavernous hemangioma

23
Q

most common pediatric orbital malignancy tumor ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

24
Q

most common intrinsic tumor of the optic nerve

Study These Flashcards
A

optic nerve Glioma , associate with AD neurofibromatosis
cafe au lait spots
lish nodle in iris

25
what is contact dermatitis ?
Type 4 hypersenstivity rxn( make up, or meds) | signs: periorbital swelling rediness itching
26
steven johnson syndrom
1- Type 3 hypersensitivity 2- drug induced ( sulfonamide 3- or from infectio HVS 4- entopion , ectropion , meibomian gland damage 5- (symblepharon) partial or complete adhesion of the palpebral conjunctiva of the eyelid to the bulbar conjunctiva of the eyeball.
27
Blepharitis
staphylococcal
28
chalazion ? | what we worry about when recurrent ?
``` ask about ( acne resacae) recurrent chalazion= sebaceous gland carcinoma ```
29
Horeolum?
Hurts , staphylococcus 2- internal --> meibomian gland 3- external --> Zies and moll
30
Ectropion ? | Entopion ?
1- eversion of eye lid away from the globe --> exposure kerhtopathy 2- inversion of eye lid against the globe
31
what is the most common cause of age related loss muscle tone of orbicularis oculi
Ectropion
32
what is the # cause trachoma ?
Entropion
33
Distichiasis | trichiasis
Distichiasis-->second row grow | trichiasis -->eye lash grow posterior from their site
34
Floppy eye lid syndrome
1- most common in obese men with obstructive sleep apnea | treat with sea pap
35
BEB Vs Myokymia?
BEB--> benign essential blepharospasm affect 3 muscles orbicularis , procure and corrugator Myokymia--> only one muscle orbicularis oculi
36
what is the most common skin cancer in US?
Basal cell carcinoma BCC associate with sun , shiny nodule , (rodent ulcer )
37
what is the most aggressive skin cancer ?
squamous cell carcinoma SCC | associate iwth UVB, actinic keratosis
38
what associate with sebaceous gland carcinoma ?
recurrent chalazion
39
malignant melanoma
``` ABCDE A--> asymmetry B : border irregular C: color difference D large diameter E enlargement of the lesion ``` the depth and the size is the most important
40
Dacryoadenitis VS Dacrocystitis
infection of lacrimal gland | Lacrimal sac infection ( pain) --> obstruction of the lacrimal drainge
41
Canaliculitis
``` inflammation of canaliculi associate with : Actinomyces israeli ( yellow sulfur granules ) ```
42
Punctal stenosis
narrow puncta, in older age, epiphora is most common symptoms
43
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
valve of hanser problem massage it to open it usually new born
44
Jones I Vs Jones II
jones I --> Fl when blow the nose + --> open | Jones II --> taste it -->No FL(-) --> open
45
what is ocular Rosacea ?
sebaceous gland problem ( lipid layer ) ( meibomian gland) Signs: telangiectasia , rhinophyma, facial slushing ( butterfly rash) ALso : DRY EYE-->SPK--> Keratinization
46
What else causes Keratinization ?
IgA deficiency
47
what contraindication to Thyroid disease ?
Do not use Phen 10% ,
48
Orbital Psudo tumor ?
unilateral, middle age, pain in proptosis , CHEMOSIS,
49
how to treat oribtal psudo tumor ?
CT scan , IV steroid
50
what is associated with ocular rosacea ?
it is Dry eye due to sebaceuos gland problem , | Periophral SEI , Chalazian , Hordulum , Dry eye

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