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Ace NBEO PEPS > Ocular Disease Testing > Flashcards

Ocular Disease Testing Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Corneal Abrasion

A
  • Fluorescein staining to assess corneal integrity
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2
Q

Corneal Foreign Body

A
  • B-Scan ultrasonography to r/o intraocular foreign body
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3
Q

Traumatic Iritis

A
  • 1 month post-trauma perform gonioscopy to check for angle recession and BIO/Scleral depression to check for RD
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4
Q

Traumatic Hyphema

A
  • Sickledex screen to r/o sickle cell disease/trait
  • B-Scan Ultrasonography if fundus view is poor
  • CT scan of orbits/brain to r/o orbital fracture
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5
Q

Corneal Laceration

A
  • Seidel test to determine if full-thickness or partial-thickness/self-healed full-thickness
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6
Q

Ruptured Globe / Penetrating Ocular Injury

A
  • CT scan of brain/orbits to r/o intraocular foreign body
  • gentle B-scan ultrasound to localize posterior rupture sites and r/o non-metallic/wood intraocular foreign bodies
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7
Q

Commotio Retinae

A
  • OCT of region: to visualize ellipsoid zone disruption

If no ruptured globe, hyphema, or iritis
- Scleral depression to r/o peripheral retinal detachment or break

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8
Q

Traumatic Choroidal Rupture

A
  • OCT of area to r/o CNV
  • FA to r/o or localize CNV if injury is old
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9
Q

Putscher Retinopathy

A
  • CT of head, chest, or long bones to r/o compression injury or fracture
  • CBC, Rheumatologic (CRP, Westergren ESR, RF, ANA) to r/o systemic cause
  • FA to identify areas of nonperfusion in the regions of retinal whitening
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10
Q

Superficial Punctate Keratopathy (SPK)

A
  • Fluorescein staining to evaluate staining pattern
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11
Q

Recurrent Corneal Erosion (RCE)

A
  • Fluorescein staining to visualize abnormal basement membrane lines
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12
Q

Dry Eye

A
  • Fluorescein staining to check ocular surface and TBUT
  • Schirmer’s test to measure basal tearing
  • MMP-9 to determine tear osmolarity
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13
Q

Filamentary Keratopathy

A
  • Fluorescein staining to observe epithelial mucus strands
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14
Q

Exposure Keratopathy

A
  • TSH/T3/T4 to r/o thyroid disease
  • Corneal sensitivity testing to r/o neurotrophic causes
  • Fluorescein staining to assess corneal integrity
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15
Q

Neurotrophic Keratopathy

A
  • Corneal sensitivity testing to confirm neurotrophy
  • Fluorescein staining to assess corneal integrity
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16
Q

Bacterial Keratitis

A
  • Fluorescein staining to assess corneal integrity
  • Culture of corneal scrapings to determine the infectious organism (esp if larger than 1-2 mm)
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17
Q

Fungal Keratitis

A
  • Fluorescein staining to assess corneal integrity
  • Culture of corneal scrapings to determine the infectious organism (esp if larger than 1-2 mm)
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18
Q

HSV Keratitis

A
  • Check corneal sensitivity which may be decreased in HSV
  • Fluorescein staining to check for dendrites
  • Viral PCR/culture to confirm HSV infection
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19
Q

VZV/HZO

A
  • Check corneal sensitivity which may be decreased in VZV
  • Fluorescein staining to check for pseudodendrites
  • Viral PCR/culture to confirm VZV infection
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20
Q

Interstitial Keratitis

A
  • FTA-ABS + RPR/VDRL to r/o syphilis
  • PPD to r/o tuberculosis
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21
Q

Phlyctenulosis

A
  • PPD/Chest X-Ray to r/o TB
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22
Q

Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis

A
  • No testing
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23
Q

Keratoconus

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Corneal topography to assess elevation and thinning
  • Corneal keratometry to assess irregular mires and steepening
24
Q

Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Corneal pachymetry to determine central corneal thickness and possible edema
  • Specular microscopy to evaluate endothelial cells
  • Corneal tomography to monitor disease progression
25
Bullous Keratopathy (Pseudophakic/Aphakic)
- OCT-Macula to r/o CME
26
Viral Conjunctivitis
- No testing
27
Allergic Conjunctivitis
- No testing
28
Vernal/Atopic Conjunctivitis
- No testing
29
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
- culture of conjunctival scrapings to determine infectious organism - if severe/recurrent: Gram stain of conjunctival scrapings to r/o gonococcus
30
Gonococcal Conjunctivitis
- Gram stain of conjunctival scrapings to confirm gonococcus - Culture of conjunctival scrapings to r/o other infectious organisms
31
Chlamydial Inclusion Conjunctivitis
- Chlamydial culture to confirm chlamydia infection
32
Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis
- Fluorescein staining to visualize punctate staining on superior cornea, limbus, and conjunctiva - TSH/T3/T4 testing to r/o thyroid disease
33
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
- Blood pressure to r/o hypertension - PT/PTT to screen for bleeding disorders - CBC to screen for thrombocytopenia/leukemia
34
Episcleritis
- Phenylephrine 2.5% instilled in affected eye to r/o scleritis if recurrent/nodular/severe: - Rheumatoid factor to evaluate for rheumatoid arthritis - ANA to screen for autoimmune diseases - HLA-B27 to screen for ankylosing spondylitis - VDRL/FTA-ABS to r/o syphilis - PPD/Chest X-ray to r/o tuberculosis
35
Scleritis
- Phenylephrine 2.5% instilled in affected eye to r/o episcleritis - B-Scan ultrasonography to detect posterior scleritis - Rheumatoid factor to evaluate for rheumatoid arthritis - ANA to screen for autoimmune diseases - HLA-B27 to screen for ankylosing spondylitis - VDRL/FTA-ABS to r/o syphilis - PPD/Chest X-ray to r/o tuberculosis
36
Contact Dermatitis
- Skin testing to confirm allergic component
37
Ptosis
- Margin reflex distance to assess eyelid droop and symmetry (normal: 4-4.5mm, asymmetric: >1mm difference) - Levator function to assess severity of levator dysfunction (normal: ≥15mm, good: 12-14mm, fair: 5-11mm, poor: ≤4mm) - Eyelid crease position to help differentiate congenital from acquired ptosis (absent: congenital, high: aponeurotic or involutional) - Hertel exophthalmometry to assess globe position - Ice test to assess myasthenia gravis involvement (improvement: MG) - CT or MRI of orbit to r/o superior orbital mass
38
Chalazion/Hordeolum
- No testing
39
Ectropion
- Horizontal lid laxity to distinguish involutional from cicatricial component (cicatricial lid doesn't roll back into position)
40
Entropion
- Horizontal lid laxity to evaluate if lid has reduced elasticity (should return to position promptly but with increased laxity may need blink)
41
Trichiasis
- Fluorescein staining to assess corneal integrity
42
Floppy Eyelid Syndrome
- Sleep study to r/o sleep apnea - Fluorescein staining to assess corneal integrity
43
Blepharospasm
- Fluorescein staining to assess corneal integrity
44
Canaliculitis
- Gram stain and giemsa stain of punctal discharge to identify infectious organism - If suspecting fungal, consider Sabouraud culture to identify infectious fungal organism
45
Dacryocystitis
- Gram stain and blood agar culture of punctal discharge to identify infectious organism - Children: Add chocolate agar culture of punctal discharge
46
Preseptal Cellulitis
- Gram stain/culture if any open wound/drainage to identify infectious organism
47
Thyroid Eye Disease
- Hertel exophthalmometer to measure proptosis - TSH/T3/T4 to assess thyroid function - CT scan of orbits to detect EOM enlargement (tendon sparing) - 24-2 HVF and OCT-RNFL to detect optic nerve compression
48
Orbital Cellulitis
- CT of orbits and paranasal sinuses with contrast to r/o foreign body - Blood cultures to identify infectious organism - CBC w/ differential to evaluate elevation of WBC and neutrophils
49
Dacryoadenitis
- CT of orbit with contrast to confirm enlargement of lacrimal gland - Hertel exophthalmometry to check for proptosis - Smears and bacterial cultures of discharge to identify the infectious organism
50
Amblyopia
- Cover/Uncover test to evaluate eye alignment - Cycloplegic refraction to rule out latent hyperopia
51
Pediatric Cataract
- B-Scan ultrasonography to evaluate retinal integrity unable to be viewed through cataract - RBC galactokinase activity to r/o galactosemia
52
Ophthalmia Neonatorum (Newborn Conjunctivitis)
- Gram stain of conjunctival scrapings to identify presence of infectious bacterial organism - Giemsa stain of conjunctival scrapings to identify presence of parasite - Chlamydial PCR to r/o chlamydial infection
53
Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
- Dye disappearance test to confirm lacrimal outflow is impaired
54
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
- OCT RNFL + GCA to evaluate and monitor optic nerve rim tissue loss - 24-2 Visual Field to evaluate and monitor defects in peripheral vision - Gonioscopy to r/o angle closure, angle recession, or PAS - Pachymetry to measure central corneal thickness
55

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