Ocular Infections 2 Flashcards by Mckenna Maloney

Moraxella bovis

Gram negative rod - strict aerobe
Grows in mucus memb of URT/conj in carriers/infected
Causing keratoconjunctivitis in cattle

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Predisposition for pinkeye - moraxella bovis

Host - lacking eyelid pigment, young, bull calf>heifer
Environment - UV exposure, dry/dusty, crowded condition

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Transmission of moraxella bovis

Infected or carrier animals
Flying insects - mechanical transmission

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Factors to m. Bovis virulence

Fimbriae or pili that mediate attachment of bacteria, vaccine targets pili action
- initial damage in eye is required
Hemolysin initiates toxic damage for corneal epithelial cells & damage epithelial via inflammatory infiltration

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Range of ocular signs for pink eye

Conjunctivitis
Epiphora
Hyperemia
Profuse lacrimation
Photophobia
Blepharospasm
Keratitis
Corneal ulcers

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Potential sequelae for m bovis

Globe rupture
Secondary infection - hypopyon

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Treating m bovis

Could be self limiting
Subconjunctivial antibiotics - Pen G, ceftiofur
Systemic antibiotics - tetracycline, tulathromycin
Medicated eye patches

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Controlling m bovis

Avoid predisposing factors
Isolate affected animals
Decrease stocking rates
Add shade/fly control
Vaccination

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Fungal Extraocular infection

Periocular infection - blepharitis
- dermatophytes (ringworm)
Surface ocular infections are predominantly fungal keratitis
- commonly free living fungi transported to conjunctiva
More common in horses & production animals

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Fungal keratitis

Aspergillus is the most common bacteria, directly inoculated into traumatized corneal epithelium
Virulence inhibit corneal neovascularization , reduced neutrophil infiltration & cell mediated phagocytosis = slowed healing

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Feline herpes virus keratitis

URT and ocular infection commonly occur simultaneously
Rapid cell to cell spread, inducing cell lysis

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Herpetic keratitis

Punctate ulcers - dots appearence
Dendritic /linear ulcer - fluorescence spreads linearly
Geographic ulcer - localized to a focal area affected
Interstitial ulcer - chronic manifestation

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Symblepharon

Adhesion of conjunctiva to itself or cornea
Leads to vision loss/permanent damage
Common w severe cases of FHV1

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Canine distemper virus

Can cause viral keratitis /conjunctivitis
Acute blepharitis / conjunctivitis - often 1st clinical sign
Acute keratoconjunctivitis
Intraocular disease - chorioretinitis, anterior uveitis, optic neuritis

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canine adenovirus 1

Cause of infectious canine hepatitis - ocular manifestations are common
Rare disease due to good vaccine health
Presents w diffuse corneal edema - blue eye or anterior uveitis
Pathology due to deposition of immune complex on endothelial cells of eyes (type 3 immune reaction)

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Intraocular infections

Due to local or systemic disease
Eye is often a target organ for systemic infectious agents
Ocular disease can be primary complaint

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Intraocular infectious agents

Access eye via uvea /choroid or vascular tract
Posterior uveitis or chorioretinitis
Anterior uveitis

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Leptospira

Intraocular bacteria
Anterior uveitis & equine recurrent uveitis
- kidney, liver, abortion

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Enterbacterales

Intraocular
Gram negative bacteria - E. coli
Conjunctivitis, keratitis, dacrocystitis, anterior uveitis, etc

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Histophilus somni

Gram negative Intraocular bacteria
Chorioretinitis, retinal detachment

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Borrelia burgdorferi

Gram neg Intraocular bacteria
Anterior and posterior uveitis in dogs and panuveitis in horses

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Brucella canis

Gram neg Intraocular bacteria
Anterior and posterior uveitis in dogs

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Tick borne infections in Intraocular infections Ehrlichia canis

Ehrlichia canis
- ocular lesion occur frequently in dogs
Typical lesions
Uni- or bilateral anterior uveitis
Conjunctival episcleral hyperemia or hemorrhage
Miosis
Aqueous flare
Hypopyon
Keratitic precipitates
Posterior inflammation can also occur
Chorioretinitis, retinal haemorrhage, retinal detachment and optic neuritis

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Rickettsia rickettsii Intraocular infection

Study These Flashcards

Ocular lesion due to vasculitis - mostly presents as ocular hemorrhage
Infects endothelial cells

Feline corona virus

Cause of FIP, ocular manifestations are common in the dry form or chronic form of FIP Presents as bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis & chorioretinitis aka fibrin & keratic precipitates Pyogran lesions around retinal vessels

Feline leukemia virus - ocular lesion

Intraocular infection - ocular lymphoma Uveal tract is common site for metastasis Mild uveitis, aqueous flare, keratitic precipitates Leads to iris thickening & glaucoma

Canine distemper & adenovirus - Intraocular infection

CDV - presents as multi focal, non granulomatous chorioretinitis, optic neuritis / blindness CAV - uveitis with miosis and aqueous flare, common in unvaccinated dogs

MCF - Intraocular infection

Highly variable clinical signs Edema - eyelids, conjunctiva Photophobia, lacrimation, conjunctivitis, progressive corneal opacity = corneal edema Lymphocytic uveitis Caused by gamma herpes that infects atypical host - sheep

Systemic fungal infections - histo Intraocular infection

Histoplasmosis - geographical region More common in cats than dogs Signs Granulomatous chorioretinitis Retinal detachment Anterior uveitis Secondary glaucoma Optic neuritis

Histoplasmosis in cats

Conjunctival hyperemia Corneoscleral inflammation Corneal edema & vascularization Anterior uveitis Modular iritis

Blastomycosis - Intraocular infection

Geographic distribution - Mississippi, Ohio river, central Atlantic state Cause of ocular lesion in 50% of dogs

Ocular lesions of blastomycoiss

Chorioretinitis - focal granuloma in fundus Anterior uveitis Endopthalmitis

Cryptococcus- Intraocular infection

Most common feline systemic mycolic infection - common in cats, can occur in dogs Wide spread distribution - bird/bat droppings Presents with chorioretinitis w granulomatous inflammation & retinal detachment / optic neuritis

Toxoplasma gondii - Intraocular disease

Disease may be acute in young cats* Common lesion is chorioretinitis Multi focal dark gray infiltrates in tapetal fundus & fluffy white infiltrates the nontepetal fundus

Clinical signs/diseases caused by intraocular bacteria

Anterior uveitis Vasculitis

Bacteria causing anterior uveitis

Lepto, B. Burgdorferi, H. Somni, B canis

Bacteria causing vasculitis/ uveitis

E. Canis, R. Rickettsia

Diseases caused by extra ocular bacteria

Blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis

Bacteria causing blepharitis

Gram positive

Bacteria causing conjunctivitis

Mycoplasma, chlamydia, pasturella, moraxella

Bacteria causing keratitis

Gram positive, psudomonas Aeruginosa, moraxella

Conditions caused by intraocular fungi

Uveitis, chorioretinitis

Conditions caused by extra ocular fungi

Blepharitis

Fungi in Intraocular infections

H. Capsulatum, B. Dermatidis, C. Neoformans

Fungi in extra ocular infections

Dermatophytes

Diseases w intraocular parasites

Chorioretinitis

Diseases w extra ocular parasites

Blepharitis

Parasites for intra and extra ocular

Intra - t. Gondii Extra - mites, Cuterebra

Intraocular Diseases caused by viruses

Uveitis, ocular LSA, chorioretinitis

Extraocular diseases caused by viruses

Keratoconjunctivitis

Causes of Extraocular blepharitis

Bacteria Fungus Parasites

Causes of uveitis in intraocular diseases

Bacteria - anterior or vasculitis Fungus Virus

Causes of keratitis

Bacteria Fungus Virus*

Specific causes for blepharitis

G+ cocci Dermatophytes Demodex Cuterebra

Specific causes for keratitis

G+ cocci P. Aeruginosa Opportunistic fungi

Specific causes of conjunctivitis

Chlamydia Mycoplasma Pasteurella multocida canine distemper virus

Specific causes of keratoconjunctivitis

Moraxella bovis Feline herpes virus 1

Causes for corneal edema

Canine adenovirus 1

Ocular Infections 2 Flashcards

(58 cards)