OD on the GO demo flashcards
OD on the GO flashcards were created with students in mind and the ultimate goal of helping future optometrist ace their part 1 boards examination. (101 cards)
The midpoint of the thoracic cavity which divides it into the left and right pleural cavities is the ___________.
mediastinum
The “M”ediastinum is the “M”iddle of the thoracic cavity.
In reference to an organ the (medulla/cortex) refers to the inner region and the (medulla/cortex) is the outer region of an organ.
medulla ; cortex
The “M”edulla is the “M”iddle of the organ.
In terms of organ structure, the (basal/apical) part corresponds to the narrow tip of the organ, and (basal/apical) part corresponds to the widest part of an organ.
apical ; basal
On a pyramid, the base is wide and the apex is tipped.
glucose + glucose =
maltose
Maltose is a disaccharide made from the monosaccaride glucose.
glucose + galactose =
lactose
Lactose is a disaccharide commonly in milk.
A cell membrane is made up of a (single/double) phospholipid bilayer where the hydrophilic (heads/tails) face outward and the hydrophobic (heads/tails) face inward.
double; heads ; tails
_______membrane proteins have hydrophilic domains; but they also have hydrophobic domains that are integrated into the phospholipid bilayer.
Integral
The hydrophobic domains are nonpolar & the hydrophilic domains are polar
Mitochondria have the ability to divide and have their own _____.
DNA
It is thought that mitochondria were a bacteria in ancient anatomy.
___ junctions are membrane channels between adjacent cells.
Gap
Gap junctions may allow electrolytes like Ca+ flow between cells freely.
In the skin, _____ cells connect to sensory nerves and serve as light touch receptors.
Merkel
The layers of the epidermis from outermost to innermost are:
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulomum, stratum spinosum, stratum basal
CLGSB Clara likes green string beans.
Melanin pigments are converted from the amino acid (phenylalanine/alanine/tyrosine) in melanosomes by the enzyme _______.
tyrosine ; tyrosinase
This process occurs in cells called melanocytes.
(Apocrine/Eccrine/Holocrine) sweat glands are associated with hair follicles.
Apocrine
The _________ muscle wrinkles the forehead vertically
corrugator supercilii
The _________ encircles the eyelid and closes the eye.
orbiularis oculi
This muscle “orbits” / encircles around the eye.
The ____ line is the very center of a sarcomere where thick myosin filaments are held together.
M
The five main types of glial cells are:
- astrocytes
- microglia
- ependymal cells
- oligodendrocytes
- Schwann cells
Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes both make myelin.
Spaces between the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system are called _____.
Nodes of Ranvier
The nodes allow for quicker traveling potential via saltatory conduction
The (endo/peri/epi) neurium surrounds individual nerve fibers.
The (endo/peri/epi) neurium surrounds bundles of fibers called fascicles.
The (endo/peri/epi) neurium surrounds bundles of fascicles.
endo ; peri ; epi
A similar arrangment occurs in muscle.
When an action potential reaches the synaptic knob of a presynaptic neurons, (ligand/voltage) gated ___ channels open and intercellular levels of ___ increase.
voltage ; Ca++ ; Ca++
_______ceptors are activated by pain.
Nocio
Taste sensation for the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue are mediated by CN___ and those of the posterior 1/3 are mediate by CN__. CN X has a minor role in taste.
VII ; IX
VII is facial and IX is glossopharyngeal.
_____ disease is a chronic inner ear disease characterized by tinnitus, progressive nerve deafness and vertigo.
Meunière disease
Endothelium is made of (squamous/cuboidal/columnar) epithelium.
simple squamous
