Odema Flashcards
What are the 2 different types of oedema
Water retention in the system causing either pulmonary (lung) or peripheral oedema (your extremities)
What are the side effects of having oedema
SOB
Ankle swelling
What are thiazide diuretics
Bendroflumethiazide and indapamide
Works by inhibiting the reabsorption at the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule
Last up to 24 hrs so needs to be given early in the day to avoid sleep distruption as they have a long half life
What are loop diuretics
Furssemide, bumetanide and torasemide
Works by inhibiting the reabsorption from the ascending limb of the loop of henle
Used in pulmonary oedema due to left ventricle failure
Lasts for 6 hours so can be given twice a day without interfering with sleep
What are potassium sparing diuretics
Amiloride, triamterene (blue urine)
Works by preventing sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule collecting duct
SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN WITH POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENTS
What are aldosterone antagonists
Spiralactone and eplerenone
Works by inhibiting potassium secretion in the distal tubule collecting duct
Stopped if person is becoming dehydrated due to vomiting or diarrhoea
SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN WITH POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENTS
What is the difference in your electrolyte balances between potassium sparing and normal diuretics
In potassium sparing there is an increase of potassium ions whearas with normal diuretics you lose potassium ions so you become hypokalemia
What is the side effects of all diuretics
All induce hyponatraemia and hypomagnesaemia
What are the side effects of loop and thiazide diuretics
Hypokalaemia
Exacerbates diabetes and exacerbates gout (loop only)
Hypotension
What are the side effects of potassium sparing diuretics
Hyperkalemia
Change in libido
Breast pain or tenderness
What are the interactions of diuretics
Loop and thiazide: hypokalaemia inducing drugs
Potassium sparing: hyperkalemia inducing drugs
Loop diuretics + aminoglycoside: nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
Spiralactone/ loop + lithium: reduces lithium secretion which leads to toxicity
What is the two types of peripheral vascular disease
Occlusive peripheral vascular disease:
- normally caused by atherosclerosis
-reduce risk with healthier lifestyle, statins and anti platelets
AND
Vasopastic peripheral vascular disease (Raynaud’s)- bad circulation to your extremities
- avoid exposure to cold and smoking cessation
- if further treatment is needed then: Nifedipine
